introduction: a thyroid nodule is a palpable swelling in a thyroid gland with an otherwise normal appearance. palpable thyroid nodules occur in 4 to 7 percent of the population. nodular thyroid diseases are more frequent in women than in men. most actions of thyroid hormone are mediated by the active form of thyroid hormone. d2 is essential for formation of active hormone of t3 through deiodina...

background: infections attributed to helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) involve almost half of the world's population. one of the effects is auto-antibody induction and cross-reaction with numerous proteins in the body. as a result of its widespread prevalence and importance, this study evaluates the associations between h. pylori and thyroid auto-antibodies. materials and methods: this study en...

background: imatinib mesylate is the first generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tki) and highly effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). we aimed to evaluate thyroid function at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after initiation of imatinib mesylate therapy in 20 newly diagnosed bcr-abl positive cml patients. methods: this study was done during 2013-2014, 20 new ca...

background thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine disease in females of reproductive age. there are controversial data on the adverse effect of subclinical thyroid dysfunctions on adverse feto-maternal outcomes. objectives the current study aimed to identify the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and to assess the effectiveness of treatment with levothyroxine on...

ectopic thyroid tissue results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. true malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare and is always diagnosed after surgical excision of the lesion by pathology examinations. there are well-documented cases of ectopic thyroid cancer while primary tumoral lesion occurs in the orthotopic thyroid, but only...