20th century. With the discovery of antibiotics people were convinced that infectious diseases might some day be wiped out. Diseases that were once life threatening, such as pneumonia, had become curable. The success of antibiotics in therapy related fields has made them one of the most important products of the drug industry today. However, the emergence of super bugs ie. bacteria that resists...

This paper compares the heuristic Global Search Techniques; Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Simulated Annealing, Generalized Pattern Search, genetic algorithm hybridized with Nelder–Mead and Generalized pattern search technique for tuning of fuzzy PID controller for Puma 560. Since the actual control is in joint space ,inverse kinematics is used to generate various joint angles ...

found in amphibian skin, and the 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines, one of the largest subclass of these alkaloids, were detected from skin extracts of the poison-frog. Quite recently, we have found the synthetic 5,8-disubstituted indolizidine 235B (1), isolated from Dendrobates pumilio, acted as a potent noncompetitive and selective blocker of a4b2 nicotinic receptor (IC50 74 nM). The sensitivit...

Mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone reductase is composed of two parts, a water-soluble succinate dehydrogenase and a two-polypeptide membrane-anchoring protein fraction (QPs). The larger polypeptide of QPs is believed to be associated with cytochrome bas, (QPsl). The structure of QPsl was studied by immunochemistry and molecular cloning and sequencing. Antibodies against QPsl were raised in r...