The small, water soluble molecule Dichloroacetate (DCA) is recently arousing lively interests in the field of cancer therapy for it has been shown to be able to inhibit the growth of human tumors acting specifically on the mitochondria of cancer cells without perturbing the physiology of nonmalignant cells. Neuroblastoma was one of the tumor types on which DCA was considered ineffective as it i...

Motivated by a scheduling problem encountered in multicast environments, we study a vertex labelling problem, called Directed Circular Arrangement (DCA), that requires one to find an embedding of a given weighted directed graph into a discrete circle which would minimize the total weighted arc length. Its decision version is already known to be NP-complete when restricted to sparse weighted dir...

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been shown to promote proliferation of colonic carcinoma cells in many fundamental studies. However, no large-scale prospective clinical study providing direct evidence for an association of DCA with progress of colorectal tumor development in humans has been reported to date. To address this question, we conducted a two-step epidemiological study applying enzyme-link...

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been identified as an environmental contaminant in groundwater. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroethanol (TCOH), and trichloroethanol glucuronide (TCOG) have been identified as metabolites of TCE. Studies have shown that TCA and DCA are toxicologically significant metabolites that can induce liver tumors in B6C3F1 ...

The cell growth inhibition induced by bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) may cause compensatory hyperproliferation of colonic epithelial cells and consequently increase colon cancer risk. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence for the efficacy of certain forms of selenium (Se) as anticancer nutrients. Methylselenol has been hypothesized to be a critical Se metabolite for anticancer activ...

Solid tumors, including the aggressive primary brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme, develop resistance to cell death, in part as a result of a switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cytoplasmic glycolysis. This metabolic remodeling is accompanied by mitochondrial hyperpolarization. We tested whether the small-molecule and orphan drug dichloroacetate (DCA) can reverse this cance...

Secondary bile acids (BA) such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) promote the development of several gastrointestinal malignancies, but how they mediate this effect is unclear. In this study, we offer evidence of a mechanism involving ectodomain shedding of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and TGF-α, which rely upon the cell surface protease TACE/ADAM-17. Specifically, we show that AREG participates...

Ultrasonography was used to measure flexor tendon sheath thickness in 14 insulin-dependent (IDDM) diabetics with diabetic cheiroarthropathy (DCA) and compared to 17 IDDM patients without DCA along with 10 healthy volunteers. Assessment was also made of the presence of systemic diabetic microvascular disease complications. A blinded visual 'eyeball' report on the ultrasound scans by a radiologis...

• For many years it has been recognized that normal human subjects and normal dogs retain salt and water only transiently and fail to develop edema during the chronic administration of large doses of a sodium-retaining hormone such as desoxycorticosterone acetate ( DCA ). Similarly, some Addisonian patients retain Na for only a few days in response to prolonged administration of DCA or aldoster...

Dichloroacetate (DCA) has been used for many years as an investigational drug to treat children born with mitochondrial disorders. Through its inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK), a key component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, DCA has shown promise in facilitating oxidative phosphorylation in cell mitochondria. Recently, DCA has received more attention as a possible treatm...