BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSI) have been traditionally classified as either community acquired (CA) or hospital acquired (HA) in origin. However, a third category of healthcare-associated (HCA) community onset disease has been increasingly recognized. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast characteristics of HCA-BSI with CA-BSI and HA-BSI. METHODS All first episodes ...

In order to get a comprehensive repertoire of foldable domains within whole proteomes, including orphan domains, we developed a novel procedure, called SEG-HCA. From only the information of a single amino acid sequence, SEG-HCA automatically delineates segments possessing high densities in hydrophobic clusters, as defined by Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis (HCA). These hydrophobic clusters mainly ...

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and their inhibitors have long been used as diuretics and as a therapeutic treatment for many disorders such as glaucoma and epilepsy. Acetazolamide (AZM) and methazolamide (MZM, a methyl derivative of AZM) are two of the classical CA inhibitory drugs that have been used clinically for decades. The jointly refi...

The role of NEFA in eating behaviour is still poorly known. Our objective was to examine whether etomoxir (ETO), an inhibitor of NEFA oxidation, or ( - )-hydroxycitrate (HCA), an inhibitor of lipogenesis which may indirectly stimulate NEFA oxidation, alters satiety. Post-lunch satiety was measured in eight normal-weight male subjects who were deprived of time cues and received on three occasion...

C3H/He and B6C3F1 show much higher liver cancer susceptibility than C57BL/6J mice. We studied the hypothesis that this difference might result from failure of apoptosis. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), followed by phenobarbital (PB) for up to 90 weeks. We observed (1) earlier appearance of putative preneoplastic foci (PPF), hepatocellular adeno...

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is generally a benign hepatocellular tumor arising in a nonfibrotic/cirrhotic liver, and recently four major subgroups were identified based on genotype and phenotype classification from Europe. HCA is rare in Asian countries including Japan, and there have been few studies regarding the subgroups of HCA in Japan. We surveyed subgroups of HCA in 13 patients (7 women...

The human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA₂), also known as GPR109A and HM74a, was first identified as a niacin receptor and has recently received significant attention because of its potential to clinically modify plasma lipids in a favorable manner. Our recent studies have demonstrated that the niacin-induced internalization of HCA₂ receptors is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor k...

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATPcitrate-lyase, which inhibits lipogenesis in the body. Moreover, HCA increases endurance exercise performance in trained mice and athletes. However, had not been investigated in untrained animals and humans. Therefore, we investigated the effects of short-term HCA ingestion on endurance exercise performance and fat metabol...