Dicarbon (C2 ), the simplest bare carbon molecule, is ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and in combustion flames. A gas-phase synthesis is presented of the benzyl radical (C6 H5 CH2 ) by the crossed molecular beam reaction of dicarbon, C2 (X(1) Σg (+) , a(3) Πu ), with 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene; C5 H8 ; X(1) A') accessing the triplet and singlet C7 H8 potential energy surfaces (PESs)...

In multiple group item response theory (IRT) modeling, the usual approach to compare the mean abilities in different groups is to introduce normal distributions for every group g, which are indexed by their mean μg and their variance σg. These parameters can be estimated by marginal maximum likelihood (MML, see, for instance, Bock & Aitkin, 1981). Tests of hypotheses concerning group means can ...

Experimental data on the polarization of hyperons, inclusively produced in hadron-hadron collisions, have been analyzed. It is shown that the existing data can be described by a function of transverse momentum (p T) and two scaling variables x A± = (x R ± x F)/2: P H = A α F (p T)[G(x A+ − x 2) − σG(x A− + x 2)]. The function G(x A+) is proportional to sin[ω(x A+ −x 1)]/ω, which results for som...

The Geroch-Wald-Jang-Huisken-Ilmanen approach to the positive energy problem to may be extended to give a negative lower bound for the mass of asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter spacetimes containing horizons with exotic topologies having ends or infinities of the form Σg ×R, in terms of the cosmological constant. We also show how the method gives a lower bound for for the mass of time-symmetric ini...

We present a general star formation law where star formation rate depends upon efficiency α, timescale τ of star formation, gas component σg of surface mass density and a real exponent n. A given exponent n determines τ which however yields the corresponding star formation rate. Current nominal Schmidt exponent ns for our model is 2 < ns < 3. Based on a gravitational instability parameter QA an...

Image deblurring [4] from noisy data is a fundamental problem in image processing. Let the true image x belong to a proper function space S(Ω) on Ω = [0, 1], and the observed digital image y be a vector in Rm×m indexed by A = {1, 2, · · · , m} × {1, 2, · · · ,m}. The image degradation can be modeled as y = N(Hx), where H : S(Ω) → Rm×m is a linear operator representing blurring, and N : Rm×m → R...

During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, the onset of activity of the late forespore-specific sigma factor σG coincides with completion of forespore engulfment by the mother cell. At this stage, the forespore becomes a free protoplast, surrounded by the mother cell cytoplasm and separated from it by two membranes that derive from the asymmetric division septum. Continued gene expression in the ...

We consider g = N − 1 coinciding M-5-branes on top of each other, in the multiple KK monopole background Q. The worldvolume of an M-5-brane is the local product of the four-dimensional spacetime R and an elliptic curve. Taken together, these genus-one Riemann surfaces are supposed to give a single (SeibergWitten) hyperelliptic curve Σg in the coincidence limit, where the gauge symmetry is known...

Photoionization of dicyanoacetylene was studied using synchrotron radiation over the excitation range 8-25 eV, with photoelectron-photoion coincidence techniques. The absolute ionization cross-section and detailed spectroscopic aspects of the parent ion were recorded. The adiabatic ionization energy of dicyanoacetylene was measured as 11.80 ± 0.01 eV. A detailed analysis of the cation spectrosc...