Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated transcription is an important mediator for cellular responses to DNA damage. Genotoxic agents trigger a 'nuclear-to-cytoplasmic' NF-κB activation signaling pathway; however, the early nuclear signaling cascade linking DNA damage and NF-κB activation is poorly understood. Here we report that Src-associated-substrate-during-mitosis-of-68kDa/KH domain contai...

Arsenic is ubiquitously present in human lives, including in the environment and organisms, and has divergent effects between different cells and tissues and between different exposure times and doses. These observed effects have been attributed to the nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Herein, a meta-analysis was performed by independently searching databases includ...

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is the key part of multiple signal transduction of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ubiquitin-proteasome system is extensively involved in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) has deubiquitinase activity and acts as a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the association between CYLD an...

Purpose: To investigate the role of RAS-like protein A (RalA) in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory regulation primary microglia chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain rat models.
 Methods: In vitro, overexpression (OE) RalA was performed using transfection procedure, and then LPS used to provoke phenotype. vivo, model induced CCI treated with LV-RalA. Neuroinflamm...

Specific strains of Lactobacillus have been found to be beneficial in treating some types of diarrhea and vaginosis. However, a high mortality rate results from underlying immunosuppressive conditions in patients with Lactobacillus casei bacteremia. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small second messenger molecule that mediates signal transduction. The onset and progression of inflammatory responses are s...

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are a significant cause of menstrual disturbance and infertility, but their pathogenesis still remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of TGF-β and CCN2 in IUA endometrial tissue by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and qRT-PCR assays, and found the expression of TGF-β and CCN2 in the endometrial tissue of IUA was significantly increased compared ...

alcoholic liver disease (ald) is the main cause of chronic liver disease across the world and can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. the etiopathogenesis of ald is related to ethanol-induced oxidative stress, glutathione reduction, abnormal methionine metabolism, malnutrition, and production of endotoxins that activate kupffer cells. curcumin is an active ingredient of the rhizome of turmeric. the...

The current paradigm of noncanonical NF-κB signaling suggests that the loss of TRAF2, TRAF3 or cIAP1 and cIAP2 leads to stabilization of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) to activate the noncanonical pathway. Although a crucial role of RIP1 in the TNFα-induced canonical NF-κB pathway has been well established, its involvement in noncanonical activation of NF-κB through the TNFR1 receptor, is unknown....

Localization of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in subcellular organelles is a major strategy to regulate innate immune responses. While TLR4, a cell-surface receptor, signals from both the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments, less is known about the functional role of endosomal trafficking upon TLR2 signaling. Here we show that the bacterial TLR2 ligands Pam3CSK4 and LTA activate NF-κB-depend...

OBJECTIVE The proinflammtory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), primarily via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), induces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent cell survival, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-dependent cell death, regulating vascular endothelial cell (EC) activation and apoptosis. However, signaling by the second receptor, TNFR2, is poorly understood. The goal of this study wa...