The gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BMI), induces myoclonic seizures in rats when injected into the deep prepyriform cortex at concentrations lower than those that induce convulsions from the amygdala, hippocampus, or neocortex. This observation prompted the suggestion that the deep prepyriform cortex was responsible for seizure generation regardless of the neurotran...

BACKGROUND In the immature developing fetal brain, amino acids (such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine) and monoamines (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) act as developmental signals or regulators. In subjects with Down syndrome, dysfunctional brain development is evident from birth as reduction in brain weight, as well as volume reductions in specific brain regions, and an altered ...

Background and objectives: Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) is a deciduous shrub or small tree cultivated in subtropical and tropical countries.  Its bark is prescribed to treat amoebic dysentery,   dropsy, jaundice, scabies, gonorrhea, venereal affections and wounds. In the present research, we aimed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the bark of ...

Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme of various decarboxylases involved in the formation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on a pyridoxine-deficient diet for 8 weeks showed significant hypertension compared with pyridoxine-supplemented controls. Hypothalamic contents of pyridoxal phosphat...

The basal forebrain-neocortex pathway--involved in higher cognitive processing, selective attention, and arousal--is considered one of the functionally most important ascending subcortical projections. The mechanism by which this relatively sparse subcortical pathway can control neuronal activity patterns in the entire cortical mantle is still unknown. The present study in the cat provides evid...