PURPOSE Retinal injury induces Müller cell dedifferentiation by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors protects against injury but also activates ERK in Müller cells. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of α2-adrenergic signaling on injury-induced ERK and Müller cell dedifferentiation. We tested the hypothesis that α...

BACKGROUND Mutations in the LAMA2 gene encoding laminin-α2 cause congenital muscular dystrophy Type 1A (MDC1A), a severe recessive disease with no effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of caspases and cell death through a pathway regulated by BAX and KU70 is a significant contributor to pathogenesis in laminin-α2-deficiency. OBJECTIVES To identify mechanism...

UNLABELLED Increased detection of enterovirus 68 (EV68) among patients with acute respiratory infections has been reported from different parts of the world in the late 2000s since its first detection in pediatric patients with lower-respiratory-tract infections in 1962. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this trend are still unknown. We therefore aimed to study the antigenicity a...

The nomenclature of the Adrenoceptors has been agreed by NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on [64, 194]. Adrenoceptors, α1 three α1-adrenoceptor subtypes α1A, α1B and α1D are activated endogenous agonists (-)-adrenaline (-)-noradrenaline. -(-)phenylephrine, methoxamine cirazoline prazosin doxazosin antagonists considered selective for α1- relative to α2-adrenoceptors. [3H]prazosin [125I]HEAT (BE2254) rela...

AIM To assess the effect of 17β-estradiol pretreatment on the function and expression of α2- adrenergic receptors (ARs) subtypes in late pregnancy in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=37) were treated with 17β-estradiol for 4 days starting from the 18th day of pregnancy. The myometrial expression of the α2-AR subtypes was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot a...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two potential stimuli for nitric oxide (NO) release in rat intestinal arterioles during sympathetic nerve activation. To determine whether these vessels contain endothelial α2-adrenoceptors linked to thel-arginine-NO pathway, intravital microscopy was used to study the response of first-order arterioles (1As, 20-40 μm ID) to direct application of 1) the...

A library of α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialyl galactosides containing C9-modified sialic acids was synthesized from C6-modified mannose derivatives using an efficient one-pot three-enzyme system. These sialosides were used in a high-throughput sialidase substrate specificity assay to elucidate the importance of C9-OH in sialidase recognition.

We investigate the spectral properties of self-adjoint Schrödinger operators with attractive δ-interactions of constant strength α > 0 supported on conical surfaces in R3. It is shown that the essential spectrum is given by [−α2/4,+∞) and that the discrete spectrum is infinite and accumulates to −α2/4. Furthermore, an asymptotic estimate of these eigenvalues is obtained.

We prove mapping properties of the form T : Ḃ11 p1 × L p2 → Ḃ22 p3 and T : Ḃ11 p1 × Ḃ α2,q2 p2 → L p3 , for certain related indices p1, p2, p3, q1, q2, α1, α2 ∈ R, where T is a bilinear Hörmander-Mihlin multiplier or a molecular paraproduct. Applications to bilinear Littlewood-Paley theory are discussed.

We give a short, direct proof that given any finite group G there exist positive integers k and l and partitions α1 and α2 of {1, . . . , kl} into l subsets of size k such that (Skl)α1,α2 ∼= G. The method used will also show that given any finite group G there exists a regular bipartite graph whose automorphism group is isomorphic to G.