The European Unions' ambition for the construction sector is to be carbon neutral by 2030 new construction. Since 2021, all buildings in EU should have been constructed as nearly zero-energy (nZEB). However, Eastern countries struggle implement 2018 Energy Performance of Building Directive recast requirements. Next economic challenges, equally essential factors hinder renovating existing reside...

Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, worldwide focus on global warming countermeasures has intensified. The Japanese government declared its aim at achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. concept of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) is based measures to reduce energy consumption buildings, prospects which are gradually increasing. This study investigated annual primary consumption; as well evaluated,...