verticillium wilt verticillium dahliae is now a days commonplace in olive orchards in north of iran. root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, as well is one of the most widely disseminated plant parasitic nematodes in olive orchards of iran. this study was arranged to find the effects of two sets of pot beds on these pathogens' interaction. microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae and j2s o...

the non-defoliant strain of verticillium dahliae (ss-4) was isolated from olive groves showing disease symptoms in toshan area of southern gorgan city. root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, was recovered from infested olive seedlings and following identification it was propagated on tomato seedlings cv. rutgers. one-year-old seedlings of olive cultivars, zard, roghani, koroneiki and manzani...

the following study was conducted at the research station of horticultural sciences (university of tehran, karaj) to investigate the effect of different irrigation levels and fruit site on the stalk upon the traits of: sink-source relationship, yield, and fruit quality in two iranian melon cultivars. the statistical design was a split split-plot of  three replications. treatments consisted of a...

root rot and vine decline caused by monosporascus cannonballus is a major challenge for melon production world-wide. in recent years, a disease suggested to be related to this pathogen was observed 1-2 weeks prior to harvest in many melon production areas across iran. in this study, melon plants with symptoms of chlorosis, wilting, decline and/or sudden death were collected from melon growing a...

introduction pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral in low sulfidation ore deposits. experimental studies have shown that low-temperature ( 200°c) from hydrothermal or metamorphic fluids (butler and rickard, 2000). framboidal pyrite mostly occurs in sedimentary environments, though it could also form during metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration (scott et al., 2009). the pyrite formed te...

Suppose that death (or any non repetitive event) can occur due to various causes, each having its own failure time. Assuming independence of failure times and proportional hazard rates over the whole range of time, some authors shown that the single cause failure time distributions conditional on the cause of death, each in presence of the remaining causes, are the same as the distribution of o...

Chiral amines are often critical components of pharmaceutical agents. For example, about 15-25% of the singleenantiomer products in development contain this unit according to a recent analysis.1 The development of practical methods for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amines is therefore of great interest. Traditional resolution methods and enzymatic transaminase technology are frequent c...

introduction there is a special competition among many metropolitansfor improving physical and semantic quality of urban landscape to upgrade their positions in global level and attract more tourists. based on such characteristics, one of the important goals of metropolitan management planners of the society is to develop open populated spaces and make leisure centers. urban spaces development ...