Chiral discrimination of vapours plays an important role in olfactory perception of biological systems and its realization by artificial sensors has been an intriguing challenge. Here, we report a simple method that tangibly visualizes the chirality of a diverse variety of molecules dissolved from vapours with high sensitivity, by making use of a structural change in a periodic microstructure o...

We evaluate all the primitive divergences contributing to the 7–loop β–function of φ4 theory, i.e. all 59 diagrams that are free of subdivergences and hence give scheme– independent contributions. Guided by the association of diagrams with knots, we obtain analytical results for 56 diagrams. The remaining three diagrams, associated with the knots 10124, 10139, and 10152, are evaluated numerical...

Double hexagonal chains” can be considered as benzenoids constructed by successive fusions of successive naphthalenes along a zig-zag sequence of triples of edges as appear on opposite sides of each naphthalene unit. In this paper, we discuss the numbers of k-matchings and k-independent sets of double hexagonal chains, as well as Hosoya indices and Merrifield–Simmons indices, and obtain some ex...

We show that the zig-zag chain Z3 n of segments of length 3 (see Figure 2) has the minimal ABC index among all polyomino chains with n squares. More generally, we give conditions on the numbers {φij} under which the zig-zag chain Z3 n is an extremal value of the induced topological index T defined by T (G) = ∑ 1≤i≤j≤n−1 mijφij where G is a graph with n vertices and mij is the number of edges of...

Digital watermarking is an important technology in today’s world for protecting multimedia content from illegal copying of data. It is a process of concealing information. The main purpose of digital watermarking provided more robustness and integrity against geometrical attacks. In this paper, various digital watermarking techniques have been discussed and identified the best technique by comp...

The AdS/CFT correspondence suggests that the Wilson loop of the large N gauge theory with N = 4 supersymmetry in 4 dimensions is described by a minimal surface in AdS5 × S5. We examine various aspects of this proposal, comparing gauge theory expectations with computations of minimal surfaces. There is a distinguished class of loops, which we call BPS loops, whose expectation values are free fro...

Motivated by the work of AlFardan et al 2013, in this paper we present several results related to RC4 non-randomness in WPA. We first prove the interesting zig-zag distribution of the first byte and the similar nature for the biases in the initial keystream bytes to zero. As we note, this zig-zag nature surfaces due to the dependency of first and second key bytes in WPA/TKIP, both derived from ...

Spin polarized density functional theory has been used to investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of extrinsic and intrinsic defects in boron nitride nanotubes. Carbon substitutional defects under nitrogen rich and boron-rich growth conditions have the lowest heats of formation compared to boron and nitrogen antisites. Creating a defect reduces the band gap of the nanotub...

Relatively little is known about adoption, use, and disadoption of new internet-based services. Using data from an Internet grocer in a market where it was the monopoly provider of this service, we examine customer adoption, use, and disadoption of online grocery shopping. We find that adoption was significant. In zip codes where the service was offered, 1-3 percent of households signed-up for ...