Seed from maize (corn) Zea mays provides a ready source of 9-lipoxygenase that oxidizes linoleic acid and Iinolenic acid into 9(5)-hydroperoxy-1 0(8, 12(Zl-octadecadienoic acid and 9(SJ-hydroperoxy-1 0(£), 12(Zj, 15(Zl-octadecatrienoic acid, respectively. Corn seed has a very active hydroperoxide-decomposing enzyme, allene oxide synthase (AOS), which must be removed prior to oxidizing the fatty...

Global agricultural production is accountable for the emission of ~30% greenhouse gases. Therefore, wide-scale adoptions low-input, soil-friendly, and resource-conserving agronomic practices are imperative ‘planet healthy food production’ also reducing carbon emissions from soil. In this context, present study aimed to analyze impacts integrated interventions i.e., application arbuscular mycorr...

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of application quail manure and rice straw mulch on glutinous corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) growth production interaction between mulch. This used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting 2 factors with 16 combinations 32 treatment plots. first factor was applying (L) which consisted 4 levels, 0 kg/plot, 0.85 1.70 2.55 kg/plot. second pr...

meiotic process in plants or animals does not necessarily produce the same T:!rcentage of recombinants in male and female germ cells. In maize, the frequency of recombination in a particular chromosomal region is usually higher in microsporogenesis than in megasporogenesis, if a difference exists at all. Chromosomes 2 and 10, according to genetic tests thus far, have similar recombination frequ...

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an effective method for introducing genes into maize. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for genetic transformation of the maize genotype Hi II. Our starting plant material is immature embryos cocultivated with an Agrobacterium strain carrying a standard binary vector. In addition to step-by-step laboratory transformation proced...

Divergence of abundant genomic elements among the Zea and Tripsacum genera was examined cytologically and a tool kit established for subsequent studies. The LTR regions from the CRM, Huck, Grande, Prem1, Prem2/Ji, Opie, Cinful-1, and Tekay retroelement families were used as FISH probes on mitotic chromosome spreads from a "trispecies" hybrid containing chromosomes from each of three species: Ze...

Inoculants are biological formulations that combine a stable microorganism population and various types of compounds produced and released during fermentation, such as phytohormones and plant growth regulators. Azospirillum brasilense strain Az39 and Brayrhizobium japonicum strain E109 were previously shown to produce indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and zeatin (Z). We tested ...

Ca2+ Pump, H+-ATPase, Membrane Vesicles, Coleoptile, Zea mays Microsomal vesicles prepared from the ER and the Golgi apparatus of maize coleoptiles possess an ATP-fueled, Cl_-dependent proton pump which can cause an intravesicular acidifica­ tion of the vesicles (A. Hager and M. Heimle, Z. Naturforsch. 36 c, 997 (1981); A. Hager et al., Z. Naturforsch. 35 c, 783-793 (1980)). This acidification ...

Patterns of DNA sequence diversity vary widely among genes encoding proteins that protect plants against pathogens and herbivores. Comparative studies may help determine whether these differences are due to the strength of selection acting on different types of defense, in different evolutionary lineages, or both. I analyzed sequence diversity at three chitinases, a well-studied component of de...