among state`s duties are constructing roads, water pipelines and the likes. in order to do these the state sometimes has to utilize private owners` lands. this research, we seek to investigate this questions that is there any possibility of liability for usurpation for state if these formalities are not be observed? some researchers have questioned the possibility of this liability. in this res...

The gathering of rural type in Guilan plains is a kind of planning for physical development of rural settlements that aims at changing dwellers' lifestyle from a dispersed to a semi-dispersed state. This change will reduce the problems and difficulties of villages. In addition, it is an optimal way to exploit the resources and facilities for making a desirable spatial organization for villagers...

in this study, first we estimated the poverty line of household and poverty indices in rural areas between1999 to 2004. stochastic dominance test is applied to compare the extent of poverty in the beginning year and the end year of third- socio economic development plan of iran. the most important feature of this technique is providing comparative comparison of poverty in two years or different...

Plan upravljanja postupkom je novi institut građanskog procesnog prava koji u parnični postupak uveden Zakonom o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona parničnom postupku („Narodne novine“ broj 80/2022, dalje ZID ZPP/22). Kao većinom izmjena dopuna iz navedenog zakona, zakonodavac ovim institutom imao namjeru ubrzati te osigurati koncentraciju postupka kao održavanje procesne discipline kako na strani sud...

Physicians do not plan ahead to violate HIPAA; but, in this digital age you may be doing it because you did not plan ahead. The recent final rule of the HITECH Act outlines that even if the physician is unaware of the violation, he may be fined a civil penalty of $100 $50,000 per violation. It is time for even the most resistant physician to pay attention to how he handles protected health info...

The Alliance to Revitalize California, a private, nonprofit organization, has proposed a no-fault automobile insurance plan for California (Coalition for Common Sense, November 1994). The California Department of Insurance asked the Institute for Civil Justice to analyze the effects of the proposed plan on automobile insurance costs in California. We used a database we had developed in the cour...

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of Liberia’s educational system. Although the educational system was designed to accommodate everyone, Liberia’s illiteracy rate is still estimated at fifty-three percent (53%) as of 2015 [1]. With a current population of approximately 4.6 million [2], 33.2% of Liberians have had no education, 31.1% have had only primary ...