T HE European Union, or the European Community (EC) as it continues to be called in the WTO parlance, has had the most extensive network of preferential trade areas (PTAs) of any WTO member. Prior to the current wave of PTAs, christened ‘New Regionalism’ by Bhagwati (1993), the EC was a participant to half of such arrangements. Thus, according to the WTO list current at the time of writing, a t...

This study examines the effects of Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), a sub-unit World Trade Organization (WTO) that acts as global umbrella in economic integrations, on both world trade and foreign some selected countries. introduces new explanatory variable (DISPUTE) literature by analyzing data from use DSB WTO’s member countries 1995 to 2018. was modeled using gravity model Poisson Pseudo Maxim...

Purpose Special and differential treatment (SDT) in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has failed to integrate developing countries into international trading system, as contemplated by WTO Agreement, itself. This paper aims interrogate current application of SDT members possible undermining factor for not delivering on its objective. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a qualitative ...

to promote their exports and get access to world market, many countries have adopted the policy of exports subsidies. subsidies are usually provided by governments or state bodies which cause adverse effects to the interests of another member of countries or disturb the process of free trade worldwide. world trade organization (wto) which is established on free and fair trade, has put limitatio...

In December 2001, China joined the WTO and became the 143rd full member. In the last decade, China’s international trade developed rapidly and it has consequently become the largest commodity exporter and the second largest importer in the world. Undoubtedly, China’s international status has improved significantly. During this period, the pattern of international economy and trade are also unde...

This paper examines how interest groups influence the decision to negotiate trade problems at the bilateral level, through adjudication, or in a comprehensive trade round. The institutional venues available for trade negotiations vary in terms of issues, rules, actors, and duration. Interest groups have preferences over the choice of institutional venue because differences in the scope and timi...

O’Neill iNstitute The O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University was established to respond to the need for innovative solutions to the most pressing national and international health concerns. Housed at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington D.C., the O’Neill Institute reflects the importance of public and private law in health policy analysis. Th...