The ability to write effectively is becoming progressively important and instruction in writing is assuming an increasing role in second and foreign language education. Students’ writing abilities have been tested through various writing tasks. Independent tasks of writing or writing-only tasks have been utilized to test students’ writing ability; however, they have been criticized for their la...

Some scholars have hypothesized that writing style, the special language of writing, is acquired, or subconsciously absorbed, through reading (Krashen, 1984, 2004; Smith, 1988, 2004). The language of writing, it is argued, is too complex to be consciously learned, and there are compelling case histories of those who developed high levels of competence in the written language through reading alo...

The transition to hybrid learning brought about by the new normal education introduced various discussions and changes in physical classroom, which require teachers upskill their teaching strategies order upscale student performance. Lately, flipped instruction (FI) has been suggested support this transition. According Dr. Bada (2015), an important restriction of is that cannot simply spoon-fee...

We present an evaluation of the Writing Pal (W-Pal) intelligent tutoring system (ITS) and the W-Pal automated writing evaluation (AWE) system through the use of computational indices related to text cohesion. Sixty-four students participated in this study. Each student was assigned to either the WPal ITS condition or the W-Pal AWE condition. The W-Pal ITS includes strategy instruction, game-bas...

After 15 years of development of instruction sequence theory (IST) writing a SWOT analysis about that project is long overdue. The paper provides a comprehensive SWOT analysis of IST based on a recent proposal concerning the terminology for the theory and applications of instruction sequences.