The wormhole attack is a severe threat to wireless sensor networks. Most existing countermeasures for detecting and locating wormhole links either require extra hardware or are too complex for the inherently capability-constrained sensor nodes. Actually, wormhole links can enormously change the original sensor network topology. In this paper, we introduce the HCA4DW mechanism for detecting and ...

The popularity of wireless sensor networks for establishing different communication systems is increasing daily. A network consists sensors prone to various security threats. These nodes make a vulnerable denial-of-service attacks. One them wormhole attack that uses low latency link between two malicious and affects the routing paths entire network. This brutal as it resistant many cryptographi...