The start of World War II (WWII) led to the deployment of combat troops in several continents. Destruction and many casualties among both the military and civilians became an inevitable consequence. A large amount of people injured were in need of life-saving treatment and a speedy return to duty. Intensive studies of the specific issues of diagnosis and treatment of thermal injury were conduct...

Cigarettes with lower machine measured "tar" and nicotine yields have been marketed as "safer" than high tar products over the last four decades, but there is conflicting evidence about the impact of these products on the disease burden caused by smoking. This paper critically examines the epidemiological evidence relevant to the health consequences of "reduced yield" cigarettes. Some epidemiol...

We document the association between war-related shocks in childhood and adult outcomes for Europeans born during the first half of the twentieth century. Using a variety of data, at both the macro- and the micro-level, we address the following questions: What are the patterns of mortality among Europeans born during this period? Do war-related shocks in childhood and adolescence help predict ad...

When the multinational force deployed to the Gulf after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, military intelligence assessed the Iraqi's as possessing and being capable of using weapons of mass destruction. There was judged to be a real threat that chemical weapons, especially nerve agents, and certain biological weapons would be used. Coalition countries attempted to reduce the effects by the use...

In 1954, O.G. Haywood used game theory to analyze the military decisions used in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, a battle fought during the World War II. Haywood analyzed the Battle of the Bismarck Sea by using a two-person zero-sum game [1]. This paper discusses the fundamental concepts of the two-person zero-sum game and some Nash Equilibrium dominance ideas as well as the strategies applied ...

led to the enactment of a new Introduction • Be a World War II veteran who title VIII of the Social Security served in the U.S. military at some On December 14, 1999, President Act, “Special Benefits for point from September 16, 1940, and Clinton signed the Foster Care IndepenCertain World War II through July 24, 1947, or who dence Act of 1999, Public Law 106-169. Veterans.” It describes the se...

Although this condition was well described by von Graefe (1866), it was not until after the first world war that coherent observations with multiple cases were forthcoming. With the exception of a few isolated cases described by Batten (1921), Cassidy and Gifford (1922), and Hudson (1926), these originated either in Japan or on the continent of Europe. Thus Kitahara (1936) was able to collect o...

Little is known about how survivors of extreme events cope with traumatic memories and subsequent negative life experiences. The present study compared (a) repatriated prisoners of war (RPWs) from World War II (WW II) with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), (b) RPWs without PTSD, and (c) noncombat veterans on measures of general psychological functioning, appraisal, and coping. Appra...

The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the research into diagnosis and treatment of war neuroses at the Clinic for Nervous and Mental Diseases at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow before the outbreak of World War II. It also includes a profile of the work of Prof. Jan Piltz, the then director of the Clinic, and his major scientific achievements. The publications cited in the art...

Preventive Medicine in World War II, Vol. IX; Special Fields, ed. by R. S. ANDERSON, E. C. HOFF, and P. M. HOFF, Washington, D. C. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1971, pp. xxii, 650, illus., $8.00. The latest volume to be issued on the medical history of the United States army in World War II is that on 'Special Fields in Preventive Medicine'. The special fielas are thos...