PURPOSE Working memory (WM) represents the brain's ability to maintain information in a readily available state for short periods of time. This study examines the resting-state cortical activity patterns that are most associated with performance on a difficult working-memory task. METHODS Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) band-passed (delta/theta (1-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (14-30 Hz)) and se...

The goal of the present study was to see whether one neuron is involved exclusively in one type of memory or in different types of memory. Single-unit activity was recorded from rat hippocampal CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus, and auditory cortex (AC) during performances of auditory working memory (WM) and reference memory (RM) tasks. Both the memory tasks employed identical apparatus and stimuli and d...

The prominent role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in working memory (WM) is widely acknowledged both in nonhuman primates and in humans. However, less agreement exists on the issue of functional segregation within different subregions of the PFC with regard to the domains of spatial and nonspatial processing or involvement in simpler versus more complex aspects of WM, e.g., maintenance versus p...

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a recurrent genetic mutation that is highly penetrant for psychosis. Behavioral research suggests that 22q11DS patients exhibit a characteristic neurocognitive phenotype that includes differential impairment in spatial working memory (WM). Notably, spatial WM has also been proposed as an endophenotype for idiopathic psychotic disorder, yet little is known ...

Two experiments compared the effects of depth of processing on working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) using a levels-of-processing (LOP) span task, a newly developed WM span procedure that involves processing to-be-remembered words based on their visual, phonological, or semantic characteristics. Depth of processing had minimal effect on WM tests, yet subsequent memory for the same item...

Working memory (WM) is a core cognitive process fundamental to human behavior, yet the mechanisms underlying it remain highly controversial. Here we provide a new framework for understanding retrieval of information from WM, conceptualizing it as a decision based on the quality of internal evidence. Recent findings have demonstrated that precision of WM decreases with memory load. If WM retriev...

Previous studies have compared young and old adults’ performance on prospective memory tasks but little attention has been given to possible changes in middle-aged participants. This study was designed to compare changes in prospective memory (PM), retrospective memory (RM), and working memory (WM) across adulthood. Eighty-five Brazilian adults were subjected to word-spans, working memory, text...

Temporal information can be retained and manipulated in working memory (WM). Neural oscillatory changes in WM were examined by varying temporal WM load. Electroencephalography was obtained from 18 subjects performing a temporal version of the visual n-back WM task (n = 1 or 2). Electroencephalography revealed that posterior alpha power decreased and temporal region-distributed beta power increa...

Objective This study was performed to examine the working memory (WM) encoding and retrieval abilities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine whether a mood-congruent memory effect is present. Methods The modified Sternberg WM paradigm with positive, negative, and neutral emotional pictures was used to investigate the WM abilities of 26 patients with MDD and 26 healthy c...