Consider a screening experiment for factors that may influence the properties of pulps prepared from woodchips by a variant of the kraft pulping process. The 10 factors in this experiment are (1) impregnation temperature (30”, 80”, or 12O”C), (2) chip steaming time (0 or 10 minutes), (3) initial concentration of alkali (6% or 12%) and (4) sulfide (2% or 10%) in the impregnation step, (5) impreg...

A commitment to conservation of a place is based on the sense of place expressed by its ‘‘conceptual community’’, including those who are not its residents in the geographical sense, but who nonetheless identify with it for various reasons. With the global nature of environmental issues being clearly recognized, such communities form a ‘‘terrain of consciousness’’ (Berg and Dasmann 1978), exten...

HIS PAPER REPORTS the application of ESF (College of Environmental Science and Forestry) Biorefinery concepts and technology in New York State industry. This is a planned application linking at least three industrial companies to reduce the time to practice. A wood-based biorefinery is being erected in New York. Identifying the strengths of the participating companies and required competencies ...

The usage of biomass fuel for heat and power production is growing due to an increasing demand for replacing of fossil energy sources with renewable energy. Typical biomass fuel is usually a blend of different batches, for example, spruce bark and dry woodchips with varying moisture content between 30% and 55%. This varying moisture content of the fuel results in uncertainty in the energy conte...

"Compost" dairy barns are relatively new, and this manure, which we refer to as stratified bedded pack (SBP) dairy manure, has neither been characterized in detail nor defined in terms of its N supply. We measured physical characteristics, nutrient concentration, N mineralization, and N supply to corn (Zea mays L.) of SBP dairy manure from eight Minnesota farms. Concentrations of N, P, and K we...