Given the widespread use of wood-based materials and that these are often damaged, an abundance have been developed to repair restore wood. Most treat binder filler as a single system; however, there is yet be system has all desired properties ideal wood-repair composite. Aiming for goal creating wood filler, this study proposed composite combined epoxy resins, polyether amines, poplar fibers. ...

Wood products may help to avoid fossil emissions when they substitute for more fossil-intensive products. However, the estimates of avoided attributed wood use tend be based on incomplete market assumptions. are assumed fully non-wood products, yet substitution rarely occurs 1:1 and can also each other. This study outlines a systematic procedure grounded economic theory approximating existence ...

If a tree survives a fall in thewoods, themain stemgrowsupward from its newposition. In angiosperm trees, this growth reorientation is achieved via differential activity in the cambium, which produces tension wood on the side of the stem now facing upward and opposite wood on the bottom side (Ruelle, 2014). Whereas opposite wood is phenotypically similar to “normal” wood formedbyupright stems, ...

Composite wood materials, also known as engineered products, are fabricated from veneer, particles, strands, flakes, or fibers that bonded together with synthetic renewable, biobased adhesive systems and designed to meet a wide range of structural non-structural applications [...]

—Observation and measurement of fibril angles in increment cores or similar small samples from living pine trees was facilitated by the use of fluorescence microscopy. Although some autofluorescence was present, brighter images could be obtained by staining the specimens with a 0.1% aqueous solution of a fluoro­ chrome (Calcozine flavine TG extra concentrated, Calcozine red 6G extra, rhodamine ...

Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), PEMAc, is a linear polymer that, along with its isomer polyacrylic acid, has the highest carboxylic acid content of any polymer. The goal this work was to elucidate mechanisms that control amount PEMAc permanently fixed on pulp fibers after impregnation dry dilute solution followed by drying/heating (curing). Two which cellulose were discovered, chemical, and phy...

Abstract The shear modulus of pulp fibers is difficult to measure and only very little literature available on this topic. In work we are introducing a method fiber property utilizing custom built instrument. From the geometry cross section, twisting angle applied torque, derived by de Saint Venant’s theory torsion. deformation moving coil mechanism. support rotating part consists taut bands, m...