Abstract States often use reservations to modify their treaty obligations. Prior research demonstrates why states enter and object reservations, but little work explains withdraw them. We argue that in response international social pressure. Using novel data on reservation withdrawals for the nine core human rights treaties, our analyses reveal two factors compel reservations: (1) pressure from...

Subjects in a controlled laboratory experiment choose a withdraw policy from a cash flow evolving according to an arithmetic Brownian motion. Earnings are based on total withdraws but aggressive withdraw policies expose the subject to risk of ruin. The policy that maximizes expected earnings does not, in general, maximize the odds of survival. We find that in treatments in which wealth maximiza...

RFC 4762 describes a mechanism to remove or unlearn Media Access Control (MAC) addresses that have been dynamically learned in a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) instance for faster convergence on topology changes. The procedure also removes MAC addresses in the VPLS that do not require relearning due to such topology changes. This document defines an enhancement to the MAC address withdraw p...

A low level of relationship satisfaction is one of the best predictors of divorce in married couples, yet research has yet to clarify how relationship satisfaction changes during the first few years of marriage. This study sought to model the developmental trajectory of relationship satisfaction and demand-withdraw communication in newly married couples. Structural equation modeling was used to...

• Children’s samples are usually included with parental permission, and there is no clear guidance on whether participants should be re-contacted at maturity to obtain their permission for the continued use of their samples. • Respect for autonomy and protection of privacy are important arguments in favor of recontacting participants at maturity. • There are four re-contact policy designs that ...

The right to withdraw from research, along with the necessity of adequately informed consent, is at the heart of the post-Nuremburg code of ethical safeguards in biomedical research on human participants. As biomedical research moves away from direct interventional studies towards research using networks of linked human tissue samples and data, however, questions arise about what withdrawal can...

Introduction: The long time use of opium has some effects on serums biochemical factors, the determination of this variation is a new approach in understanding off addiction and relive of drug abuser health. Hence in this study, these indicators in person who were withdrawing of opium have been studied. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study bloods biochemical factors such as fast...

When does a venture capital firm withdraw from an investment project prior to its completion? This study offers a real options view on this decision by examining the contingent effects of portfolio configuration. We explore how project withdrawal can be influenced by two distinct dimensions of portfolio configuration, portfolio focus in a strategic domain and portfolio diversity across multiple...

On February 3, 2010, a "Letter of Concern from Bioethicists," organized by fetaldex.org, was sent to report suspected violations of the ethics of human subjects research in the off-label use of dexamethasone during pregnancy by Dr. Maria New. Copies of this letter were submitted to the FDA Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Office for Human Rese...

RFC 4762 describes a mechanism to remove or unlearn Media Access Control (MAC) addresses that have been dynamically learned in a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) instance for faster convergence on topology changes. The procedure also removes MAC addresses in the VPLS that do not require relearning due to such topology changes. This document defines an enhancement to the MAC address withdraw p...