3 Functional Reasoning enables people to reason about the presence and function of components in a device, derive the purpose of the device and explain how it can be achieved. Qualitative Function Formation (QFF) a functional reasoning technique is introduced. Some novel points are extending the common qualitative models to include interactions and timing of events, by den-ing temporal and depe...

This paper describes a robot manipulator system currently under development which learns assembling technique from observation of skilled worker’s demonstrations. The system is an application of EBL (Explanation-Based Learning) to the robot manufacturing domain. The system improves the operating capability of the robot manipulator through observing, analyzing the skilled worker’s assembling ope...

Using the example of a failed software implementation, we discuss the role of artifacts in shaping organizational routines. We argue that artifact-centered assumptions about design are not well suited to designing organizational routines, which are generative systems that produce recognizable, repetitive patterns of interdependent actions, carried out by multiple actors. Artifact-centered assum...

BACKGROUND Sharing interim data, results or result extrapolations is an important issue that can affect trial integrity. The different ways in which Data Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) share interim results with non-DSMB members and the acceptability of such practices are poorly understood. Our objective was to undertake a narrative review specifically on what kind of interim results, if any,...

this study investigated the effects of two types of written feedback – direct corrective feedback (dcf) and metalinguistic explanation (me) - on iranian efl learners’ implicit and explicit knowledge of english definite and indefinite articles. assigned to three groups of dcf, me, and control groups, the participants took four tests in three testing phases: pretest, posttest, and delayed posttes...

with the aims of protecting and exploiting the effects and values of imposed war and preventing the destruction and distorting them, the foundation for the preservation and publication of sacred defense works and values was established on february 26, 1991 by a command of the supreme leader and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. then, the central headquarters of the rahian-e noor was c...