Implanting an unused or redundant epicardial ventricular pacing electrode in children at the time of initial electrode placement for later use is a common practice. To investigate the ultimate utilization of this redundant electrode, the records of 38 children who had undergone implantation of 47 redundant epicardial electrodes between I974 and I987 were reviewed. As the primary electrode remai...

BACKGROUND Electrical mapping studies indicate an interval of 40 to 100 ms between a defibrillation shock and the earliest activation that propagates globally over the ventricles (globally propagated activation, GPA). This study determined whether activation occurs during this interval but propagates only locally before being blocked (locally propagated activation, LPA). METHODS AND RESULTS I...

Different compositions of Eu doped electrodes were prepared by a pyrolysis method in order to investigate the effect of Eu on the electro-catalytic behavior of Ti-based SnO(2)/Sb electrodes. The electrodes were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and their degradation abilities were evaluated using phenol. The electro-catalytic performance of prepared electrodes was strongly influenced by the heat-t...

Three pH electrodes in clinical use were examined--(1) antimony electrode with remote reference electrode (Synectics 0011), (2) glass electrode with remote reference electrode (Microelectrodes Inc. MI 506) and (3) combined glass electrode with integral reference electrode (Radiometer GK2801C). In vitro studies showed that both glass electrodes were similar and superior to the antimony electrode...

Ensemble recording in cerebellar cortex of awake rats presents unique methodological challenges not encountered when recording from the cerebral cortex or from deep brain structures with more homogeneous cell populations. Compared to the cerebral cortex, removal of dura over the cerebellum evokes pronounced swelling, and insertion of multiple closely spaced electrodes in the cerebellar cortex c...

Herein, a stepwise electrodeposition technique was used to synthesize the Pd based nanoparticles on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. First of all, Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on ITO via one step electrodeposition technique. Furthermore, Au was electrodeposited on Pd. Finally, Co was electrodeposited on Au and Pd electrodeposited ITO electrode via stepwise electrodeposition techniqu...

In acute experiments eight 5- to 24-wire-microelectrode arrays were inserted into the common peroneal nerve of the rat, to investigate whether the electrodes could selectively stimulate motor units of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Twitch-force-recruitment curves were measured from the EDL for each array electrode. The curves were plotted on a double-logarithmic scale and parameter...

OBJECTIVE To compare the in-vitro efficiency of dual-switching monopolar (DSM) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using a separable clustered electrode (Octopus® electrodes) with consecutive monopolar (CM) and switching monopolar (SM) RFA techniques to create an ablative zone in the explanted bovine liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS For DSM-RFA, we used a prototype, three-channel, dual generator RFA Un...

This work intends to extend the electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer actuators. Planar actuators were realised with a 50 m-thick film of an acrylic elastomer coated with compliant electrodes. The isotonic transverse strain, the isometric transverse stress and the driving current, due to a 2 s high voltage impulse, were measured for four electrode materials (thickened elect...

We study electron transport through C(60) molecules in the Kondo regime using a mechanically controllable break junction. By varying the electrode spacing, we are able to change both the width and the height of the Kondo resonance, indicating modification of the Kondo temperature and the relative strength of coupling to the two electrodes. The linear conductance as a function of T/T(K) agrees w...