Our discussion so far has assumed that each agent has quasi-linear utility, meaning that it acts to maximize its valuation vi(ω) for the chosen outcome ω minus the payment pi that it has to make. Thus, a bidder’s utility is a linear function of the payment made. We have placed no restrictions on payments, other than the minimal conditions that they are nonnegative and no more than the bid bi(ω)...

BACKGROUND In 2012, a pilot health policy of contractual service relations between general practitioners and patients was implemented in China. Due to the decline in body and cognitive function, as well as the lack of family care and narrow social support networks, the demand of health services among the elderly is much higher than that among the general population. This study aims to probe int...

We aimed to use the willingness to pay (WTP) method to calculate the cost of traffic injuries in Iran in 2013. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 846 randomly selected road users. WTP data was collected for four scenarios for vehicle occupants, pedestrians, vehicle drivers, and motorcyclists. Final analysis was carried out using Weibull and maximum likelihood method. Me...

OBJECTIVE To assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment in a spa resort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to assess if the experience of a spa influences the WTP. METHODS 120 patients participating in a randomised trial comparing 3 weeks' treatment in a spa resort in Austria or in the Netherlands with a control group completed a WTP questionnaire before and after spa tre...

The study aims at investigating the influence of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' perfectionism and anxiety on their Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in EFL classes. To do so, a set of questionnaires, namely “Willingness To Communicate” (MacIntyre, et al., 2001), “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety” (Horwitz, et al., 1986)  and “Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales” (Hewitt & Flet...

In research involving human subjects, large participation payments often are deemed undesirable because they may provide 'undue inducement' for potential participants to expose themselves to risk. However, although large incentives may encourage participation, they also may signal the riskiness of a study's procedures. In three experiments, we measured people's interest in participating in pote...

whether for the delay in payment of debt resulting from civil liability can be demand late payment damages? in answering this question, answer of some of lawyers is positive. they believed that late payment damages is accrued to debt resulting from civil liability. because, these creditors are more deserving of protection. also, the word of debt in article 522 of code civil procedure is absolut...