Though explicit pronouncements are difficult to find, the historical literature on the Middle East seems to be based on the assumption that the large desert areas contain societies and economic systems which are for the most part autonomous, but which occasionally impinge--sometimes with catastrophic results--on the lusher agricultural and urbanized areas. The deserts are designated by terms eq...

CONTEXT As of 2015, more than 23 million scuba diver certifications have been issued across the globe. Given the popularity of scuba diving, it is incumbent on every physician to know and understand the specific medical hazards and conditions associated with scuba diving. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Sources were obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases from 1956 onward and ranged from dive...

I Contemporary park and wilderness carryil'\g capacity frameworks rely on formulation of standards of quality. which are defined as minimum acceptable resource and social condtIons. Formulation of standal'ds of quality involves elements of both science and values. and both of these elements mJat be integated into informed judgments on the part of park and wilderness managers. That is. managers ...

Linville Gorge Wilderness (LGW) is a Class I area in the southern Appalachian Mountains, western North Carolina. Over the last 150 years, LGW has been subject to several wildfires, varying in intensity and extent (Newell and Peet 1995). In November 2000, a wildfire burned 4000 ha in the wilderness; the fire ranged in severity across the northern portion of the wilderness from low severity in co...

Protected areas' chief conservation objectives are to include species within their boundaries and protect them from negative external pressures. Many protected areas are not achieving these goals, perhaps in part due to land development inside and outside protected areas. We conducted spatial analyses to evaluate the ability of Canadian protected areas to mitigate the effects of nearby land dev...

Conservation history brings to mind epic battles over national parks, free-flowing rivers, and immense wilderness areas in the West. We should not overlook similar accomplishments East, however, where citizens public officials pioneered conservation movement well before John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, Theodore Roosevelt coined term. Maine stands as an example. Not only did it establish its credenti...

This study compared two alternative techniques for predicting forest cover types from cartographic variables. The study evaluated four wilderness areas in the Roosevelt National Forest, located in the Front Range of northern Colorado. Cover type data came from US Forest Service inventory information, while the cartographic variables used to predict cover type consisted of elevation, aspect, and...

In Canada, motor vehicle collisions with wildlife pose an ongoing concern. Canada’s landscape is abundant with national and provincial parks, and many of the highways and roads are surrounded by open wilderness. These areas are frequented by unpredictable animal crossings. Moose–vehicle collisions cause a characteristic pattern of head and neck injuries; ocular injuries may be part of the spect...