Estrogen modulates memory-related synaptic plasticity not only slowly but also rapidly in the hippocampus. However, molecular mechanisms of the rapid action are yet largely unknown. We here describe rapid modulation of representative synaptic plasticity, i.e., long-term depression (LTD), long-term potentiation (LTP) and spinogenesis, by 17beta-estradiol, selective estrogen agonists as well as e...

In 1882, Ilya Mechnikov discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis when he studied larvae of starfishes that were present on small thorns from a tangerine tree that had been prepared for Christmas. The next morning he found the thorns surrounded by the mobile cells. Knowing that when inflammation occurs in animals that have a blood vascular system leukocytes escape from their blood vessels, it o...

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) on wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch) interference with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Pishtaz) by an additive series experiment. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with 3 replications. Wheat plant height losses were on average 30, 10, and 10% in a wild barley density of 16 plants per pot with ...

To study the effects of applied nitrogen levels and wild mustard densities on the growth of wheat and wild mustard, a field experiment was conducted at Re-search and Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz-Iran. The effects of three nitrogen levels namely 90, 150 and 210 kg.ha-1 and four wild mustard densities such as 0, 5, 10 and 15 plants.m-2 were evaluated in split plot arrang...

conclusions findings of the study demonstrated that the t. gondii infection is common in wild boars in southwest iran and could represent a significant health risk for animals, hunters, and local residents who may consume wild boar meat. results anti-t. gondii antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of the 25 (16%) wild boars. there was no gender or age-related differences in seroprevalence o...

a two year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the competitive effects of wild mustard densities growing with rapeseed (cultivar talaye) under different nitrogen rates. treatments were wild mustard densities (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 plant m-2) and nitrogen (n) rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg n ha-1). the factorial set of treatments was arranged into a randomized complete block design ...