Reproductive success (RS) in orchids in general, and in non-rewarding species specifically, is extremely low. RS is pollinator and pollination limited in food deceptive orchids, but this has rarely been studied in sexually deceptive orchid species. Here, we tested the effects of several individual (plant height, inflorescence size, nearest neighbour distance and flower position) and population ...

j=1 cijxij s. t. 0 6 xij 6 1, xij + xji = 1, 0 6 xij + xjk − xik 6 1, i 6= j, i 6= k, j 6= k, i, j, k = 1, ..., n. We denote the corresponding polytope by Bn. The polytope Bn has integer vertices corresponding to feasible solutions of the linear ordering problem as well as non-integer vertices. We denote the polytope of integer vertices as Pn. Let us give an example of non-integer vertex in Bn ...

In this work we consider the problem of finding a minimum Ck-transversal (a subset of vertices hitting all the induced chordless cycles with k vertices) in a graph with bounded maximum degree. In particular, we seek for dichotomy results as follows: for a fixed value of k, finding a minimum Ck-transversal is polynomial-time solvable if k ≤ p, and NP -hard otherwise.

Since the FCC has announced to allow the unlicensed use of the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band by any potential users, wireless communications community has provided enormous opportunities for driving many wireless systems that can be communicated over short distances. For example, some practical applications are operated at the internationally available unlicensed ISM ...

In this paper, we introduce a new decision problem associated with lattices, named the Exact Length Vector Problem (ELVP), and prove the NP-completeness of ELVP in the ∞ norm. Moreover, we define two variants of ELVP. The one is a binary variant of ELVP, named the Binary Exact Length Vector Problem (BELVP), and is shown to be NPcomplete in any p norm (1 ≤ p ≤ ∞). The other is a nonnegative vari...

This paper presents the design of a small planar antenna with triangular patch for WiMax application. A conventional ground plane has been modified to reduce the size and increasing the bandwidth as well as to cover the WiMax band. The triangular‐shaped patch is placed on top of the substrate and parasitic patch is placed at other side. By inserting a triangular patch in the coplanar ground pla...