The importance of overhearing, and other ways of monitoring communicative behaviour not explicitly directed at oneself, has been illustrated in numerous ethnographic studies of computer-supported cooperative work. This paper is concerned with a particular form of monitoring. A &&peripheral participant'' is de"ned as someone who has a legitimate interest in monitoring a joint task (being carried...

Paytoop neighborhood in Bojnurd in among those neighborhoods that are confronted with worn-out area problem, while have a potential capability to attract people. In spite of the implemented renovation plans, and having a long history and great capabilities, this neighborhood couldn&rsquot have any progress in constant spatial development, and we are still witnessing a horizontal expansion in th...

Background: Nowadays, backpack is the best and most commonly used tool for carrying books and stationery by students. There are huge evidences which confirmed that carrying method of school backpack influences on the students’ health status. The aim of this study was to determine of features of backpack carrying methods by schoolchildren.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conduc...

This paper explores the lived experiences of older surgical patients' (aged 74 years and older) experienced challenges during a brief admission to hospital. Age, gender, polypharmacy, and the severity of illness are also factors known to affect the hospitalization process. For an ethnographic study using participant observation and interviews, surgical cancer patients (n = 9, aged 74 years and ...

Each author recently attempted to replicate studies in which participants were asked to psychically detect an unseen gaze. RW’s studies failed to find any significant effects whilst MS’s study obtained positive findings. The authors then agreed to carry out the joint study described in this paper, in the hope of determining why they had originally obtained such different results. This joint stu...

within the broader category of rural tourism, agrotourism is a type of tourism carried out in avery specific environment, mixed livestock and tillage farms. its importance resides in the fact that it offers the possibility of complementing the income generated by the farm with income generated from tourism while at the same time carrying out an activity that promotes the conservation of nature....