computable general equilibrium models are known as a powerful instrument in economic analyses and widely have been used in order to evaluate trade liberalization effects. the purpose of this study was to provide the impacts of trade openness on pharmaceutical industry using cge model.using a computable general equilibrium model in this study, the effects of decrease in tariffs as a symbol of tr...

1 Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (Y.M.E.F.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (J.N.S.); [email protected] (F.X.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 Key Labor...

Genetic engineering (GE) is the application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies to living organisms to provide new products and enhance existing ones. These products of biotechnology can include insulin and other pharmaceutical and medical applications, specialty enzymes for food production from GE microbes, and GE (also called “transgenic”) crops used in agriculture. These products of rDNA ...

We propose an individual based model of attitude dynamics which, in some conditions, reproduces primacy effect behaviours. The primacy effect takes place when the attitude of an individual depends on the reception order of features describing an object. Typically, when receiving a strong negative feature first, the individual keeps a negative attitude whatever the number of moderate positive fe...

Abstract Digitalization processes are currently being increasingly introduced into various sectors of the national economy, including agricultural sector. Agriculture has traditionally been a costly industry and always had large losses throughout entire production process, which led to decrease in efficiency. agriculture is designed solve vast majority these problems significantly increase prof...

We develop a model for pricing experience information goods that exhibit initial uncertainty in the marketplace. We show how a combination of heterogeneous consumer valuations of the good and an increasing, but concave, word-of-mouth effect that decreases uncertainty results in an inverted U-shaped willingness-to-pay function for the buyers. With a fixed-price strategy the uncertainty in the ma...

Nowadays, thousands tons of chemicals material are used to increase agricultural production that provides a risky situation for the communities. Recently, biological or organic agriculture is considered to get rid of such problems. But this style of agriculture is facing with many difficulties and challenges. This study was performed in three phases by using Delphi method. In this regard, the s...

BACKGROUND Optimizing cardiac stroke volume during major surgery is of interest to many as a therapeutic target to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Because dynamic preload indicators are strongly correlated with stroke volume, it is suggested that these indices can be used for goal directed fluid therapy. However, threshold values of these indicators depend on many factors...

Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew G. Hashimoto, Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822. An equal opportunity/affirmative action inst...