West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause illness in humans ranging from mild fever to encephalitis. In 2002, a total of 4,156 WNV cases were reported in the United States; 329 were in Louisiana. To estimate the economic impact of the 2002 WNV epidemic in Louisiana, we collected data from hospitals, a patient questionnaire, and public offices. Hospital charges were conver...

The intellectual exploration of phenomenological and psychiatric discovery that has flowered in the Caribbean in the period of political independence from British colonization is a reflection of the scholarship that has emerged from the academic nurturance by The University of the West Indies. Burgeoning migration of Caribbean people to England in the twentieth century has resulted in high repo...

This paper seeks to provide a Caribbean Developmental State framework. It is recognised that the public sectors of many countries have undergone changes since the 1980s, as governments try to respond to the challenges of the new millennium. Recent years have seen wider-ranging reforms than any other period of the 20 century, although both the pace and extent of these reforms are greater in some...

N. Zhang, Z. Deng, L. Meng, X. Wang, W. Liao, and B. L. Hou Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging,Paul C. Lauterbu, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, People's Republic of, 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Info-physics and Geomatics Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, People's Republic of, Department of Radiology,...

Thirty-two specimens of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), from the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and its vicinity were examined for pentastomid parasites during 1995 to 1999 and 2010 to 2011. Pentastomid parasites occurred throughout the year and were widespread in the study area with an overall prevalence of 97% and an overall mean abundance of 2...

There is uncertainty regarding the validity of Myxobolus heterosporus Baker, 1963. The present study revises the taxonomy, using specimens isolated from plasmodia situated in the infected cornea of Oreochromis aureus, O. niloticus or Tilapia zillii inhabiting the River Nile, Egypt. In addition, histological effects of the parasite on the infected tissue were examined. The spores of M. heterospo...

An increasing ecological awareness and greater efforts on a global scale to reverse processes of environmental degradation give rise to new forms of social and economic conflict-a "politics of resource stabilization"-which political ecology theorists have yet to fully explore. Blaikie and Brookfield (1987) argue that the long-term payback period of capital-intensive and natural reclamation proc...

SMUGGLING is pervasive in Africa. Perhaps the most pronounced version of this is the development of ‘entrepôt states’ in West Africa, notably Benin, Togo and The Gambia (Igué and Soulé, 1992), whose economic development strategies have been largely based on enhancing their attractiveness as trading hubs. These countries serve as conduits for both legal transit to landlocked countries in West Af...

We analyzed whole-genome sequences of 8 enterovirus A71 isolates (EV-A71). We confirm the circulation of genogroup C and the new genogroup E in West Africa. Our analysis demonstrates wide geographic circulation and describes genetic exchanges between EV-A71 and autochthonous EV-A that might contribute to the emergence of pathogenic lineages.