Oligonucleotides (ODNs) do not readily get access to their desired site (cytoplasm/nucleus) of action due to their high hydrophility and high molecular weight. Therefore enhancing components (carriers) are needed. Most widely used in vitro are cationic lipids (liposomes). Other systems include peptide conjugates or complexes, polymers and nanoparticles. We used cationic lipids and polymers, wit...

Subunit vaccines typically show insufficient immunogenicity. To address this issue, we developed a novel self-adjuvanting particulate carrier system based upon the lipids phytantriol (Phy) and mannide monooleate (MaMo). Phy is a lipid known to form nonlamellar phases in fully hydrated systems, whereas MaMo has been found to promote immune responses in emulsion form. A bulk phase composition of ...

Block copolymers are increasingly being applied in areas such as transfection, membrane sealing, site-specific targeting, and bionanoengineering yet there is a relative paucity of assays available for simple, stable and reproducible colorimetric determination of copolymer concentration in solution. We have focused on improving the accuracy and reproducibility of a modified version of the Stewar...

Plant cell suspension cultures are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins and secondary metabolites. One of the most important steps during process development is the optimization of yields by testing different cultivation parameters, including the components of the growth medium. However, we have shown that the biomass yield of a cell suspension culture derived from the pear cu...

abduction [661]. abort [422]. abort-aware [422]. ABS [455]. Abstract [435, 620, 132, 419, 481, 425, 131, 122, 551]. Abstraction [597, 182, 489, 621, 323, 382, 123, 429, 359, 205, 326, 234, 407, 385, 325, 510, 40, 426]. abstraction-based [326, 325]. Abstraction-guided [489]. abstraction-refinement [407]. abstraction/refinement [359]. abstractions [406, 217, 618, 664, 321]. ABZ [642]. acceleratio...

We investigated the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and their possible involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation in four colon cancer cell lines (SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-407, and SNU-1033) derived from Korean colon carcinoma patients. A ligand binding assay showed that all four cell lines expressed mAChRs. Treatment of the four cell lines with the cholinergic ago...

Triglyceride (TG), a water-insoluble energy-rich lipid, is secreted by the liver as part of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) to supply energy to extrahepatic tissues. Overproduction of VLDL is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular heart disease; this has renewed an interest in factors that affect hepatic TG production. The TG production rate is determined by measuring temporal i...