One of the most important problems discussed recently in structural engineering is the structural reliability analysis considering uncertainties. To have an efficient optimization process for designing a safe structure, firstly it is required to study the effects of uncertainties on the seismic performance of structure and then incorporate these effects on the optimization process. In this stud...

This paper is concerned with the economical comparison between two commonly used configurations for double layer grids and determining their optimum span-depth ratio. Two ranges of spans as small and big sizes with certain bays of equal length in two directions and various types of element grouping are considered for each type of square grids. In order to carry out a precise comparison between ...

in order to estimate effects of drought stress on dry matter allocation of pinto bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), an experiment was carried out as split plot based on complete randomized block design with four replications at zanjan university research farm. in this experiment,  two irrigation levels (optimum irrigation during growth season and post flowering drought stress) were set at main plots...