in this review, we aim to examine the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on spermatogenesis process taking into account a complex signaling pathway. primarily, it is suggested that retinoic acid (ra) has a vital function in spermatogenesis process and it is considered to be essential for completion of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa. in the present review, the key effects of retino...

el-jardali and fadllallah provide an excellent summary of the many dimensions of knowledge use, and the breath of issues and activities that must be considered if knowledge is to be put into practice. however, reliance on a continuum (rather than a cyclical, multidirectional, systems) model creates a number of limitations, particularly when promoting evidence-informed action in the areas of hea...

— This paper develops a prototyping technique for information systems security policies. Starting from the algebraic specification of a security policy, we derive an executable specification that represents a prototype of the actual policy. Executing the specification allows determining sequences of actions that lead to security policy violations. We propose a composition framework to build com...

We provide a concise introduction to basic approaches to reinforcement learning from the machine learning perspective. The focus is on value function and policy gradient methods. Some selected recent trends are highlighted.

New contours of global inequality present new challenges for global health, and require that we consider new kinds of health issues as global. I provide a number of illustrations, arguing the need for a political science of health that goes beyond conventional preoccupations with formal institutional and interstate interactions and takes into account how globalization has affected the health po...

This paper extends Woodford’s (2010) approach to the robustly monetary policy to a general linear quadratic framework. We provide algorithms to solve for a time-invariant linear robustly optimal policy from a timeless perspective and for a time-invariant linear Markov perfect equilibrium under discretion. We apply our methods to a New Keynesian model of monetary policy with persistent cost-push...