Time-dependent Contraction Hierarchies provide fast and exact route planning for time-dependent large scale road networks but need lots of space. We solve this problem by the careful use of approximations of piecewise linear functions. This way we need about an order of magnitude less space while preserving exactness and accepting only a little slow down. Moreover, we use these approximations t...

One of user's queries from navigation service is to find the nearest facility in terms of time. The facility that is being questioned by the user as a destination may have a queuing service system (e.g. bank), which means that the cost function of the shortest path includes the waiting time at the destination as well as the travel time. This research conducts in the zone 1 of Mashhad with Bank ...

Prior to a three-way component analysis of a three-way data set, it is customary to preprocess the data by centering and/or rescaling them. Harshman and Lundy (1984) considered that three-way data actually consist of a three-way model part, which in fact pertains to ratio scale measurements, as well as additive "offset" terms that turn the ratio scale measurements into interval scale measuremen...

Animals exhibit various physiological and behavioural strategies for minimizing travel costs. Fins of aquatic animals play key roles in efficient travel and, for sharks, the functions of dorsal and pectoral fins are considered well divided: the former assists propulsion and generates lateral hydrodynamic forces during turns and the latter generates vertical forces that offset sharks' negative b...

Transport systems are full of interactions between the demand for travel and the supply costs. As the demand increases, congestion builds up in the network and the costs of travel increases. In response to increased costs of travel, people may alter their demand for travel in terms of change of route, departure-time, mode, or choose not to travel. This demand/supply interaction enables an econo...

Frequency-offset correction is considered for a HIPERLAN (HIgh-PErformance Radio LAN) system over the indoor radio channel. Since the multipath channel response is not known a priori, a viable frequency-offset estimator should not depend on such knowledge. Such an estimator, using a single sample per symbol, is derived for HIPERLAN. The estimator is shown to approach the Cramer–Rao bound for fr...