We present high probability differential trails on 2 and 3 rounds of BLAKE-32. Using the trails we are able to launch boomerang attacks on up to 8 round-reduced keyed permutation of BLAKE-32. Also, we show that boomerangs can be used as distinguishers for hash/compression functions and present such distinguishers for the compression function of BLAKE-32 reduced to 7 rounds. Since our distinguis...

We present a simple scheme that makes guessing passwords based on one-way functions 100 to 1000 times harder. The scheme is easy to program and easy to incrementally add to existing schemes. In particular, there is no need to switch to it all at the same time. Old passwords will still work and have the same security as before (one will not be able to distinguish them from new passwords); newly-...

The study mainly investigates the students’ attitudes toward mathematic learning and web-based mathematic competition in different learning stages in Taiwan. This study was to conduct an online survey, which is driven by three issues: (1) What are the differences in mathematical learning attitudes with the web-based mathematics competition in the different learning stages (2) Is there any signi...

Korea implemented its Antarctic research program in 1987 and diversified to the Arctic in 2002. Since the development of the Joint Committee on Antarctic Data Management, Korea has acknowledged the importance of data management. The launch of the Korea Polar Research Institute in 2004 also saw establishment of the Korea Polar Data Center (KPDC), which outlines and executes a Polar Data Manageme...

Confluent with the single dimension of time, breach of time-reversal symmetry is usually perceived as a one-dimensional concept. In its ultimate realization–the one-way guiding device–it allows optical propagation in one direction, say +z, and forbids it in the opposite direction, −z. Hence, in studies of time-reversal asymmetry the mapping t 7→ −t is naturally associated with z 7→ −z. However,...

Of all the current philosophical attempts to rescue the concept of “self” by working out a weaker version, one that does not imply an ontological substance or an individual in the metaphysical sense, Marcello Ghin’s is clearly my favorite. His reconstruction of the original theory is absolutely accurate and without any major misunderstandings. Enriching the concept of a “SMT-system” with the no...

We investigate the problem of secure message transmission in the presence of a ‘fully generalised’ adversary, who disrupts and listens to separate sets of communication wires. We extend previous results by considering the case when these sets may have arbitrary size, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for both one-way and two-way communication.