In an OPS, an optical fiber carries several wavelengths to transmit packets. An input fiber may carry as many packets as wavelengths that could be destined to one or several output fibers. The output contention occurs when multiple packets from different input fibers are destined to a single output fiber using the same wavelength at the same time. Only one packet is forwarded to the output fibe...

The pioneering work of Stiles provided a means of psychophysically isolating and measuring the sensitivity of individual color vision mechanisms through the two-color increment threshold procedure. Basically, this approach involved decreasing the sensitivity of some color vision mechanisms (termed π mechanisms by Stiles) by using a chromatic adapting background light, and then measuring the sen...

In the previous 20 years, wavelength conversion has received a considerable attention due to its strong influence on the blocking performance of wavelength-routed WDM networks. In a wavelength-routed WDM network, end users communicate with one another via all-optical WDM channels. In all-optical WDM channels optical fibre is used. Optical fibre is a single, hair-fine filament drawn from molten ...

In this paper, we consider the Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. Firstly, we propose separate linear programming (LP) formulations for the lightpath routing and the wavelength assignment subproblems. Then, an iterative algorithm that integrates both formulations is also proposed for solving the complete RWA problem. The objective...

In this article, the optical properties of silver cubic-shape nanostructures (SCNs) were analyzed by employing the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) in aqueous media. The absorption, dispersion and extinction cross-sections of these nanostructures were calculated based on the wavelength change of the incident light in the visible and near infrared region. Moreover, the height change, waveleng...

In a wavelength-routed WDM optical network, having regeneration and wavelength conversion at every node is not cost-effective. However, in a nation-wide backbone network, regeneration is required for some lightpaths. With shared-mesh protection, wavelength-conversion is helpful in increasing the wavelength sharing among protection paths therefore can improve resource-utilization. In this work w...

The wavelength dependency of transparent current is investigated theoretically and empirically for bulk and quantum-well (QW) materials. A new analytical formula is presented for obtaining accurate Fermi levels of QW structures under current injection. The transparent current can be described with an exponential function of the wavelength using two fitting parameters. The simple expression can ...

in this article, the effect of cells' radius on the behavior of wavelength switching optical filter andthe effect of the radius of the optical filters' key characteristics such as wavelength resonance onan optical filter based on photonic crystals, have been investigated. currently, the most commonapplied mechanism for designing optical filter based on photonic crystals is using twome...

We propose and demonstrate a new wavelength-division-sampling technique with high temporal resolution. A discrete-time true-time delay generates multiwavelength near-transform-limited pulses from a supercontinuum source. Pulses sample the analog signal in an electro-optic modulator and are subsequently demultiplexed in a wavelength-division-multiplexing filter. A 100-Gsample/s experimental demo...