The vulnerabilities of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) to radio frequency jamming and spoofing have attracted significant research attention. In particular, the large-scale incidents that occurred in South Korea substantiate practical importance implementing a complementary system. This letter briefly summarizes efforts deploy an enhanced long-range (eLoran) system, which is terrest...

Abstract This paper describes the choice of Flemish waterway authority – De Vlaamse Waterweg for a new vision on remote operation its inland infrastructure. From now on, control is default mode. As 2019, was approved to remotely all our movable structures (ca.330) by 2032 from 3 centres. The innovative aspect that they will function as fully interconnected meshed network and can be used back-up...

Assessment of potential ecological risk to benthic organisms inhabiting these sediments is often necessary to determine risk-based remedial cleanup goals. In some cases, these ecological risk assessments (ERAs) can be relatively straightforward, focusing only on the visual presence of tar or sheen in sediment cores or on PAH concentrations linked to unacceptable risk thresholds. However, ERAs c...

Abstract Inundation patterns in the Pantanal remain in a relatively natural state, yet a number of significant human influences have occurred in the past, and there is potential for more severe human impacts as development of the region continues in the future. The objectives of this paper are 1) to briefly review the linkages between hydrology and ecological structure and function in the Panta...

The aim of this study is to assess the water quality Nigerian Port Authority Water way. A cross-sectional was carried out using a composite sampling method, where three samples were collected randomly from each station ensure that representative entire station. taken four different locations along waterway with new unused bottles, chosen based on level port activity in area. thereafter analysed...