In this paper, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control gains are automatically tuned by using a model predictive control (MPC) method. The MPC has received much attention as a powerful tool for the control of industrial process systems. An MPC-based PID controller can be derived from the second-order linear model of a process. The steam generator is usually described by the well-known fo...

[1] Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study multiphase eruptive processes. We present results from a 4 day experiment at Lone Star Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We simultaneously measured water discharge, acoustic emissions, infrared intensity, and visible and infrared video to quantify the energetics and dynamics of eruptions, occurring approximately every 3 h. We define four...

Steam generator tube integrity is critical for the safety and operability of pressurized water reactors. Any degradation and rupture of tubes can have catastrophic consequences, e.g., release of radioactivity into the atmosphere. Given the risk significance of steam generator tube ruptures, it is necessary to periodically inspect the tubes using nondestructive evaluation methods to detect and c...

A computer program, GeoSteamNet, for the numerical simulation of steam transport in geothermal pipeline networks is written in Visual Studio .NET. The program considers (a) internally consistent thermodynamic properties of water, and (b) a numerical algorithm based on the principles of conservation of mass, linear momentum (Newton’s second law), and energy (the first and second laws of thermody...

The early history of the invention of the steam engine shows without doubt that the British Royal Society, including Isaac Newton personally, deliberately prevented the industrial and naval applications of steam power for nearly 1 00 years. In fact, the Royal Society was so intent on burying Denis Papin's 1690 invention of a paddle-wheel-driven steamship, worked out in collaboration with Gottfr...

on experiment was designed for evaluating the nutritienal characteristics and physico-chemical properties of steam treated sugarcane pith (19 bar, 3 min.) and some other roughages. steam treatment resulted in a significant decreased (p<0.05) in ndf (77 vs. 55%), hemicellulose to cellulose ratio (0.54 vs. 0.10) and increased hemicellulose solubility of and soluble sugar fraction (20 vs. 124 mg/g...

In this study, a new technical process for hardening wood fiber insulation boards is introduced. During the dry-process, the fibers are usually glued with polymeric-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (pMDI) and hardened to wood fiber insulation boards using a steam-air mixture. However, the maximum temperature reached in the steam-air process was 100 °C, and it was impossible to use an alternative bi...

eryngium caucasicum trautv. (apiaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with about one meter height, an endemic species that has been distributed in the northern parts of iran. the plant leaves are normally used in medicine and food industries in iran.the plant has several medicinal properties including enforcing generative power, diuretic, lenitive and appetizer. in this research differents par...

d;r, _:0 films by thermal treatments in steam. Thermal oxides were grown on silicon to a t ,ickntss of 260 nm in dry 02 and were subsequently treated in steam at temperatures of 320 and 500"C for periods lasting between 390 and 6 X 10' s. The concentrations of hydrogen carried in by permeating water were then profiled with 6.4 MeV "N ions using the resonant nuclear reaction 'H(1N, ay)"C. Water ...

Jet-refrigeration cycles seem to provide an interesting solution to the increasing interest in environment protection and the need for energy saving due to their low plant costs, reliability and possibility to use water as operating fluid. A steam/steam ejector cycle refrigerator is investigated introducing a two-stage ejector with annular primary at the second stage. The steady_state refrigera...