Water crisis is one of the greatest environmental challenges that China is currently facing. Since the 1970s lakes and rivers in China have been undergoing increasing water deterioration. By the 1990s some main water basins have been seriously polluted causing China’s central government to initiate the so-called “three rivers and three lakes” (Liaohe, Huaihe and Haihe rivers, and Taihu, Chaohu ...

This paper considers the role of local government in water resources management and how this role is changing in response to recent policy changes such as decentralisation, and the reform of water laws and institutions. The paper suggests two main ways in which local government can respond: 1) through direct participation in water resources management institutions, and 2) by applying IWRM princ...

We propose an innovative, repeatable, and reliable experimental workflow to concentrate and detect environmental bacteria in drinking water using molecular techniques. We first concentrated bacteria in water samples using tangential flow filtration and then we evaluated two methods of environmental DNA extraction. We performed tests on both artificially contaminated water samples and real drink...

This paper describes the design of a generalised data format for storing the data of water supply and distribution systems. It uses the network model to describe the system topology and the connectivity of components. Data are stored based on an Entity-Relationship model and using a customisable format.

In alternating 12-hr periods of light and darkness, start of the dark period entrains the hamster's 24-hr clock. Blinding or constant darkness frees the clock of entrainment by allowing it to run faster or slower than 24 hr. Constant light frees the clock from entrainment and permits it to run slower than 24 hr--that is, lengthening its period. Heavy water given in drinking water linearly lengt...

Although a number of studies have been conducted to explore the effect of water quality improvement, the majority of them have focused mainly on point-of-use water treatment, and the studies investigating the effect of improved water supply have been based on observational or inadequately randomized trials. We report the results of a matched cluster randomized trial investigating the effect of ...

Millions of people in rural South Asia are exposed to high levels of arsenic through groundwater used for drinking. Many deployed arsenic remediation technologies quickly fail because they are not maintained, repaired, accepted, or affordable. It is therefore imperative that arsenic remediation technologies be evaluated for their ability to perform within a sustainable and scalable business mod...

MIP family proteins can be divided into two groups according to their primary sequences. The CHIP group is predominant in the plant and animal kingdoms and functions primarily as water channels. The GLP group is a minor group with limited prevalence and functions primarily as glycerol transporters. Both prototypes are present in bacteria and may have evolved separately.

This paper introduces the concept of Environmental Security in relation with the parameters of the environment which could affect the availability of essential resources for populations. Water availability and its management are evaluated in different regions of the world and in different environmental conditions and the role of international organisations on this issue has been taken into cons...