Phytobiotics represent a wide range of bioactive compounds that can be extracted from various plant sources. In recent years, some interesting and novel applications of phytobiotics in the production and well– being of monogastric animals have emerged, and these aspects are reviewed in the present paper. Recent studies at the University of New England indicate that water–soluble carbohydrate ex...

The residual biodegradation products of wheat straw lignin attacked by Cyathus stercoreus for thirty days were identified. Low-molecualr-weight nonvolatile materials constituted less than 5% of the total 14C released from labeled lignin. In this portion, syringic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, acetic acid, and 2-methoxy-succinic acid were found. The majority of the water-soluble b...

In this article we investigate the effect of multivalency in chiral recognition. To this end, we measured the host-guest interaction of a β-cyclodextrin dimer with divalent chiral guests. We report the synthesis of carbohydrate-based water soluble chiral guests functionalized with two borneol, menthol, or isopinocampheol units in either (+) or (-) configuration. We determined the interaction of...

I. The role of carboxyl groups in the binding of specific carbohydrates to concanavalin A, the phytohemagglutinin of the jack bean, has been studied using two techniques: (I) H + titration in the presence and absence of methyl a-D-mannopyranoside, a specifically bound carbohydrate ligand and (2) chemical modification of the protein carboxyl groups employing glycine methyl ester and a water-solu...

Concentrations and chemical composition of carbohydrates in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from brines, ice cores, gap layers in sea ice and associated surface waters were determined during 2004 and 2006 in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. High levels of spatial heterogeneity were a common feature in these habitats, with DOC concentrations ranging fro...

Production and isolation methods of a new antitumor agent obtained from a Strep tomyces culture are described. This water-soluble amorphous solid, which has been named actinogan, is insoluble in organic solvents and can be precipitated by acetone. It has a high molecular weight and by hydrolysis yields carbohydrate and amino acid residues. Isolation was accomplished by using Sarcoma 180 tumor i...

Insect β-glucan recognition protein (βGRP), a pathogen recognition receptor for innate immune responses, detects β-1,3-glucan on fungal surfaces via its N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (N-βGRP) and triggers serine protease cascades for the activation of prophenoloxidase (pro-PO) or Toll pathways. Using biophysical and biochemical methods, we characterized the interaction of the N-termina...

The trypsinized cell walls of Group C streptococci contain two components, the group-specific carbohydrate and a mucopeptide polymer. Hot formamide extraction of Group C cell walls results in a soluble group-specific carbohydrate fraction and an insoluble mucopeptide residue. This mucopeptide, similar in composition to that of Groups A and A-variant streptococci, contains N-acetylglucosamine, N...