The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of several point-of-use water conditioning systems on the fluoride concentration in community fluoridated water. Point-of-use water conditioning systems attach at the sink to provide the user with protection from certain water contaminants. A sampling apparatus was constructed to allow collection of water samples before and after con...

Like many desert animals, the spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, can maintain water balance without drinking water. The role of the kidney in producing a small volume of highly concentrated urine has been well-documented, but little is known about the physiological mechanisms underpinning the metabolic production of water to offset obligatory water loss. In Notomys, we found that water dep...

A reactive distillation plant is one of the most important and “delicate” functional components of a complex chemical plant. While its steady state modeling and simulation tend to become a standard today by using some well known dedicated software tools, only little is known about the dynamic simulation in the open literature. This paper presents the principles for a modern modeling approach wi...

Background: Thymus daenensis is on e of the endemic aromatic species in Iran that its essential oil is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Objective: In this study, the effects of plant growth stages and distillation methods on essential oil content and thymol percentage of this species were evaluated. Methods: The aerial parts of Th. daenensis were collected in three stages of plan...

Nutrition is a relevant issue for winegrowers because it influences grapevine growth, berry composition, as well as must and wine quality. In this research, the following impacts on the nutritional status of cv. Tempranillo grapevines were evaluated: simulated 2100 expected CO2, temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) conditions (FCC; 700 μmol CO2/mol air, 28/18°C day/night and 33/53% RH, da...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of additives on the water sorption characteristics of Bis-GMA based copolymers and composites containing TEGDMA, CH3Bis-GMA or CF3Bis-GMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen experimental copolymers and corresponding composites were prepared combining Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, CH3Bis-GMA or CF3Bis-GMA, with aldehyde or diketone (24 and 32 mol%) totaling 30 groups. For com...

This paper presents a neural network based strategy for the modelling and optimisation of distillation columns incorporating the second law of thermodynamics. Real time optimisation of distillation columns based on mechanistic models is often infeasible due to the effort in model development and the large computation effort associated with mechanistic model computation. This issue can be addres...

Ionic liquids (IL) and hyperbranched polymers (HyP) represent new classes of nonvolatile selective solvents. By measuring vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of azeotropic and close boiling systems in the presence of ionic liquids or hyperbranched polymers, separation factors are derived and the potential of using IL and HyP as entrainer for extractive distillation is discussed. Exemplarily, the supe...

A silicon-based microscale distillation chip was fabricated consisting of a micro-channel 600 μm in width and 40 cm in length. Micropillars were incorporated in the micro-channel to direct liquid flow from the cooled to the heated end by capillarity. A feed of a 19 mol% acetone-water mixture was separated to 95+ mol% acetone in the distillate and 11 mol% in the bottom stream. This distillation ...

The separation of a binary homogeneous azeotropic mixture using pressure swing distillation will be analysed on the example of acetonitrile/water. Two different processes are considered: the continuous heatand mass-integrated process and the inverted batch process. For both processes a model is developed and experimental data are given. In the paper the potential of the pressure swing distillat...