As the newly appointed Chairman of the Global Energy and Water-cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Scientifi c Steering Group (SSG), I am pleased to have this opportunity to recognize the research being undertaken as part of the Coordinated Energy and Water-cycle Observations Project (CEOP) within GEWEX and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) International Climate Research Framework. Th e initial ...

Effects of water deficits on leaf turgor maintenance processes were analyzed for pear trees (Pyrus communis L. cv. "Barlett") grown in 120-liter containers. Four irrigation treatments were applied: a well-watered control treatment, a spring water stress cycle (Sp), a summer water stress cycle (Su), and a spring plus summer water stress cycle (Sp + Su). For the Sp treatment, water application wa...

Introduction: In female rats sensitivity to antinociceptive treatment varies during estrous cycle stages. The role of GABA through GABAB receptor in nociception has been established. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intercerebroventicular injection of GABAB receptor agonist (baclofen) and GABAB antagonist (CGP35348) on pain sensitivity during different stages of estr...

soil unsaturated zone is one of the important parts of hydrological cycle that has an especial role in agricultural water resources management. the objective of this research was to determine the amount of root water uptake under simultaneous water, salinity, and nitrogen stresses as prevailing conditions in arid and semi-arid regions. to do so, the experiment was conducted with four quantitati...

In narrow pore ion channels, ions and water molecules diffuse in a single-file manner and cannot pass each other. Under such constraints, ion and water fluxes are coupled, leading to experimentally observable phenomena such as the streaming potential. Analysis of this coupled flux would provide unprecedented insights into the mechanism of permeation. In this study, ion and water permeation thro...

The water footprint by the Water Footprint Network (WF) is an ambitious tool for measuring human appropriation and promoting sustainable use of fresh water. Using recent case studies and examples from water-abundant Fennoscandia, we consider whether it is an appropriate tool for evaluating the water use of forestry and forest-based products. We show that aggregating catchment level water consum...

Results of observations of groundwater table in Roztocze are presented. Four types of fluctuation are distinguished. Most common and typical is the first one, dependent on annual hydrological cycle. The second type with amplitudes to 6 m depends on many years' cycle and is accompanied with insignificant influence of annual hydrological cycle. Correspondence of water table to groundwater runoffw...

Broadband atmospheric absorption predicted by solar radiative transfer codes is underestimated in overcast conditions by 20-40 W/m 2 (even clear skies show underestimates). Clearly complex but common cloud conditions can cause a wide spread of GCM results. See article on Page 7. a new component of GAPP, a follow-on to GCIP 12

natural ecosystems provide many goods and services for human beings via their multiple functionalities. one of these important functions is the role of natural ecosystems in regulation of hydrologic cycle and increasing the infiltarion and retention of water in soil context and preventing from water runoff which may cause in unfavorable consequences like soil erosion and flooding. quantificatio...