Breakfast cereals were produced by roasting (t = 280°C) - a dry heat treatment process to gelatinize and semidextrinize the starch - in order to generate dry ready-to-eat products from blends of African yam bean (AYB), maize (M), and defatted coconut (DC) flour. Six samples were generated by mixing AYB and maize composite flour with graded levels of DC flour (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) to...

Using the coupled climate model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-3 , changes in the vertical thermal structure associated with a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are investigated. When North Atlantic Deep Water formation is inhibited by anomalous freshwater forcing, intermediate depth ventilation can remain active and cool the subsurface water masses (i.e., ...

Although bidets are widely used in Korea, its effects on anorectal pressures have not been studied in detail in terms of the water settings used. Twenty healthy volunteers were placed on a toilet equipped with a bidet, and anorectal pressures were measured with a manometry catheter inserted into the rectum and anal canal before and after using the bidet at different water forces (40, 80, 160, 2...

In this work, attention is mainly focused on those properties of water which are essentially changed in the physiological temperature range of warm-blooded organisms. Studying in detail the half-width of the diffusion peak in the quasi-elastic incoherent neutron scattering, the behavior of the entropy and the kinematic shear viscosity, it is shown that the character of the translational and rot...

BACKGROUND Regular physical activity and exercise are well-known cardiovascular protective factors. Many elderly patients with heart failure find it difficult to exercise on land, and hydrotherapy (training in warm water) could be a more appropriate form of exercise for such patients. However, concerns have been raised about its safety.The aim of this study was to investigate, with echocardiogr...

Profound changes in concentrations of phytoplankton biomass and rates of primary production in warm-core Gulf Stream rings can occur, apparently in response to nutrient enrichment, within a few months after a ring separates from the Gulf Stream. In Ring 8 1 -D at 3 months of age the dependence on NO,was 2%3 times as high as in the northern Sargasso Sea and in Ring 79-E shortly after formation. ...

We examined the activation of memory-related processes in the hippocampus and the amygdala following spatial learning under stress, in the rat. Animals were trained in a water maze in a massed spatial task under two stress conditions (cold and warm water). In the dorsal CA1, training was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of ERK2 only in animals that have acquired the task (irrespective o...

We recently suggested after laboratory experiments' that undetected hypothermia might account for unexplained casualties during working dives in the North Sea. At depths greater than 50 m in the North Sea water temperature is below 10°C. Heat is usually supplied by flooding the diving suit continuously with warm water pumped from the surface via the diving bell; its temperature is monitored at ...

T he Kuroshio Current transports large amounts of warm and salty water from the tropics northward, whereas the Oyashio Current transports cold and fresh water from the Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk southward. Where they meet in the western North Pacific, they form the Kuroshio Extension and the Oyashio Front, a region of very complicated currents and eddies. Large decadal variations that st...

Cloud fraction (CF) plays a crucial role in the Earth’s radiative energy budget and thus in the climate. Reliable long-term measurements of CF are rare. The ground-based TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) at Bern, Switzerland continuously measures integrated liquid water and infrared brightness temperature with a time resolution of 6–11 s since 2004. The view direction of TROWARA is consta...