Background: It is widely acknowledged that Donald Munro in the United States (1936) and Ludwig Guttmann in the United Kingdom (1944) are the founders of the modern treatment of spinal injuries. However, Germany was the birthplace of neuropathology and led the field in neurology and psychiatry. The first effective spinal injury units were established by Wilhelm Wagner in Königshütte, Silesia and...

OBJECTIVE To describe risks for, and microbiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of, war trauma associated infections from Operation Iraqi Freedom. BACKGROUND : The invasion of Iraq resulted in casualties from high-velocity gunshot, shrapnel, and blunt trauma injuries as well as burns. Infectious complications of these unique war trauma injuries have not been described since the 1970s....

AIM To study long-term outcome of unilateral above-knee amputation. OBJECTIVE Long-term clinical symptoms and functional status of above-knee amputees are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to document the long-term outcome of war related above-knee amputations. CONTEXT The study consisted of a comprehensive assessment and examination and review of history and wartime medica...

BACKGROUND Medical resources and resource allocation including operating room and blood utilization are of prime importance in the modern combat environment. We hypothesized that easily measurable admission physiologic criteria and injury site as well as injury severity calculated after diagnostic evaluation or surgical intervention, would be strongly correlated with resource utilization and in...

PURPOSE There is a substantial body of research that utilizes saliva cortisol levels to examine wartime stress; however, there is a paucity of literature that utilizes hair cortisol levels, which allows for long-term assessment of chronic stress, to investigate the stress of war. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in hair cortisol concentrations before, during, and after the 2011 Libya...

Background: It is widely acknowledged that Donald Munro in the United States (1936) and Ludwig Guttmann in the United Kingdom (1944) are the founders of the modern treatment of spinal injuries. However, Germany was the birthplace of neuropathology and led the field in neurology and psychiatry. The first effective spinal injury units were established by Wilhelm Wagner in Königshütte, Silesia and...

Background: It is widely acknowledged that Donald Munro in the United States (1936) and Ludwig Guttmann in the United Kingdom (1944) are the founders of the modern treatment of spinal injuries. However, Germany was the birthplace of neuropathology and led the field in neurology and psychiatry. The first effective spinal injury units were established by Wilhelm Wagner in Königshütte, Silesia and...

The Korean War occupies a unique time in our nation's history. Because of the fragile relationship between the Koreas, U.S. forces stationed in Korea live within miles of a potential rival, necessitating strict discipline and courtesy by U.S. Soldiers. However, despite the standards and regulations, Soldiers are not immune to injury and hand injuries are among the most common afflictions obtain...

Bacterial contamination of war wounds occurs either at the time of injury or during the course of therapy. Characterization of the bacteria recovered at the time of initial trauma could influence the selection of empiric antimicrobial agents used to prevent infection. In the spring of 2004, U.S. military casualties who presented to the 31st Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, with acute t...

n engl j med 361;5 nejm.org july 30, 2009 536 ene receptor antagonists during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:618-25. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Asth2. ma and Pregnancy Working Group. NAEPP Expert Panel report: managing asthma during pregnancy: recommendations for pharmacologic treatment — 2004 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:34-46. [Erratum, J Allergy C...