“state of war” is the most significant consequence of war declaration. “dār al- harb” is considered as the land against which islam has declared the state of war. sometimes it may be as the same as “ma’rekeh” (the theater of war). declaration and beginning of war influences the entire world and especially puts effects on political and commercial relations which may lead to their suspension, rev...

BACKGROUND Previous research has documented multiple chains of risk in the development of PTSD among war veterans. However, existing studies were mostly carried out in the West, while they also did not analyze specific symptom clusters of PTSD. The aim of this study was to examine the role of socio-demographic characteristics, war experiences and subjective quality of life in the prediction of ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to report the mental and physical health of a population-based cohort of Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans 20 years after the war. METHODS A multimode (mail, Web, or computer-assisted telephone interviewing) heath survey of 14,252 Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans. The survey consisted of questions about general, physical, mental, reproductive, and functional heal...

The literature makes clear that foreign policy affects voting, but it does not lead to clear expectations as to how a war will affect voting. Will views about the advisability of the war predominate? Or will the indirect effect through the incumbent’s image be more important? Will a war crowd out other potential issues, particularly domestic ones? This paper addresses these questions through a ...

Introduction: Children of war veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are the subjects of continues indirect war-related trauma. Furthermore, identification with their fathers predisposes them to similar behavioural disturbances. So, evaluation of mental health and social development would be necessary to identify their psychological problems and plan more targeted interventions fo...

BACKGROUND Military intelligence data published in a companion paper explain how chemical fallout from US and Coalition bombing of Iraqi chemical weapons facilities early in the air campaign transited long distance, triggering nerve agent alarms and exposing US troops. We report the findings of a population-based survey designed to test competing hypotheses on the impact on chronic Gulf War ill...