Background Small children with dilated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) run risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and to acquire renal damage. To protect them, antibiotic prophylaxis and surgery to eliminate VUR have been used. Endoscopic injection of bulking agent at the ureteral orifice has evolved as alternative surgical method but with insufficient scientific support of long term effe...

There are many ongoing controversies surrounding vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). These include variable aspects of this common congenital anomaly. Lack of evidence-based recommendations has prolonged the debate. Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MA) are considered high-level evidence. The purpose of this review article is to summarize and critically appraise the available SR/MA pertainin...

* Corresponding author Seyed Taher Esfahani, MD Department of Pediatric Nephrology Children Medical Center Dr. Gharib St., Azadi Ave. Tehran, IRAN Tel: +9821-66929234 Fax: +9821-66930024 E-mail: esfahanisedtaher@ yahoo.com Introduction: The association of sacral anomalies with fecal incontinence and lower urinary tract dysfunction is known. The sacral ratio is proposed as a tool for evaluation ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial were to evaluate the role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We present a comprehensive evaluation of renal scarring outcomes in RIVUR trial parti...

Background: Experience with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) differs in different centers and there is plenty of controversies.Objective: To evaluate the outcome of primary VUR complications and the rate of recurrence of UTI.Methods:  In a retrospective study, the medical charts of all infants and children with primary VUR who were followed up by one nephrologist were reviewed.  During 16 years, 271...

The main goal of the management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and thereby prevention of renal parenchymal damage possibly ensuing from these infections. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is common practice in the management of children with VUR, as recommended in 1997 in the guidelines of the American Urological Association. We perform...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common source of bacterial infections among young febrile children. Accurate diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is important because of their association with renal scarring, leading in the cases to long-term complications. However, the gold standard examinations for both are either DMSA scan (for APN and scar) or...

OBJETIVE To analyze changes in the therapeutic approach at a tertiary care hospital following the implementation of a clinical guideline for the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. POPULATION AND METHODS Retrospective study conducted in a cohort of patients with primary VUR (1989-2015) aged 0-15 years at a tertiary care hospital. The therapeutic approach before and a...