BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging can provide in vivo assessment of the microvasculature in intracranial tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging derived vascular permeability parameters, including the volume transfer constant, the volume of extravascular extracellular space, and the flux ra...

where Uj is a numerical approximation to the cell-average of the exact solution over the j th cell at t = tn, and Fj+ 12 is a numerical flux approximating the time-average of the exact flux over ∆t evaluated at xj+ 1 2 . Various formulas for the numerical flux have been developed up to the present. We shall consider eight of those in this report. Although these schemes are derived from differen...

We consider the generation of a non-perturbative superpotential in F-theory compactifications with flux. For models with a single volume modulus, we show that the volume modulus is never stabilized by either abelian instantons or gaugino condensation. We then comment on how our analysis extends to a larger class of compactifications. From our results, it appears that among large volume string c...

We study here explicit flux-splitting finite volume discretizations of multi-dimensional nonlinear scalar conservation laws perturbed by a multiplicative noise with a given initial data in L(R). Under a stability condition on the time step, we prove the convergence of the finite volume approximation towards the unique stochastic entropy solution of the equation.

We investigate fluctuations in the momentum flux across a surface perpendicular to the velocity gradient in a stationary shear flow maintained by either thermostated deterministic or by stochastic boundary conditions. In the deterministic system the fluctuation relation for the probability of large deviations, which holds for the phase space volume contraction giving the Gibbs ensemble entropy ...

This paper deals with an experimental study on the frosting phenomena using a fin bundle, which is an expanded model for the fins of the heat exchanger. The overall characteristics such as total frost mass, mass flux, pressure drop, sensible and latent heat fluxes and the local characteristics such as local temperature, local heat flux and local frost thickness were investigated under several e...

We study how fluxes on the domain wall world volume modify quantum fusion of two distant parallel domain walls into a composite wall. The elementary wall fluxes can be separated into parallel and antiparallel components. The parallel component affects neither the binding energy nor the process of quantum merger. The antiparallel fluxes, instead, increase the binding energy and, against naive ex...

It is well known that the two-point flux approximation, a numerical scheme used in most commercial reservoir simulators, has O(1) error when grids are not K-orthogonal. In the last decade, multi-point flux approximations have been developed as a remedy. However, nonphysical oscillations can appear when the anisotropy is really strong. We found out the oscillations are closely related to the poo...

We propose a general framework for the study of L1 contractive semigroups of solutions to conservation laws with discontinuous flux: ut + f(x, u)x = 0, f(x, u) = ( f (u), x < 0, f(u), x > 0, (CL) where the fluxes f , f are mainly assumed to be continuous. Developing the ideas of a number of preceding works (Baiti and Jenssen [14], Audusse and Perthame [12], Garavello et al. [35], Adimurthi et a...

Introduction: Proton therapy is newer therapeutic method for early stage breast cancer. Proton beams release most of their energy in the Bragg peak and then will be a rapid decline in their end. When protons interact with matter, produce secondary particles like neutrons and gammas, and these unwanted radiation has no beneficial effect and also is believed to increase the risk ...