Volcanic hazards assessment tools are essential for risk mitigation of volcanic activities. A number of offline volcanic hazard assessment tools have been provided, but in most cases, they require relatively complex installation procedure and usage. This situation causes limited usage of volcanic hazard assessment tools among volcanologists and volcanic hazards communities. In addition, volcani...

Basaltic glasses (hyaloclastite) are a widespread habitat for life in volcanic environments, yet their interior physical conditions are poorly characterized. We investigated the characteristics of exposed weathered basaltic glass from a surface outcrop in Iceland, using microprobes capable of continuous sensing, to determine whether the physical conditions in the rock interior are hospitable to...

The two obsidian sources from the island of Melos (Greece), Agia Nychia and Demenegakion, are chemically characterized by three complementary analytical techniques. Ion beam analysis (IBA) comprising particle induced X-ray emission and particle induced gamma-ray emission, neutron activation analysis (NAA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is applied to ...

A 197 Volcanic Ash and the Respiratory Immune System Possible Mechanisms behind Reported Infections Ash plumes erupting from volcanoes can cause a range of health effects following exposure either to the initial emissions or to deposited material that becomes resuspended days, months, or years later. Researchers from the United States, Iceland, and Australia now report in EHP evidence that expo...

Introduction: Sharp et al. [1] determined that the δCl value of carbonaceous chondrites, mantle samples and crustal materials are all close to 0‰ (Fig. 1). There are some small but significant variations. For example, sodalite inclusions in CAIs from Allende are distinctly negative. These samples were measured with an ion probe, as opposed to gas source mass spectrometry, nevertheless they were...

Volcanic eruptions are major natural disturbances with varied and complex consequences. Recent studies of how plants colonize newly created volcanic surfaces already have begun to clarify our understanding of succession. Because volcanoes create disturbance mosaics, it is imperative that we more fully understand the biotic responses. The 1883 eruption of Krakatau captured the world’s imaginatio...