A combination of photosynthetic bacteria along with anaerobic acidogenic bacteria is an ideal option for efficient hydrogen production. In the present study, the optimum concentration of substrates for the growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was found by response surface methodology. The optimum combination of three individual fatty acids was determined by Box Behnken design. Increase of volatile...

I. Changing cows from a diet with low hay and high flaked maize content, which depressed milk fat secretion, to a high-roughage diet resulted in increased milk fat secretion and in changes in the pattern of rumen fermentation and in the composition of the blood plasma. 2. During the 1st week following the change in diet the proportions of propionic and valeric acids in the rumen decreased and t...

The rates, products, and controls of the metabolism of fermentation intermediates in the sediments of a eutrophic lake were examined. C-fatty acids were directly injected into sediment subcores for turnover rate measurements. The highest rates of acetate turnover were in surface sediments (0- to 2-cm depth). Methane was the dominant product of acetate metabolism at all depths. Simultaneous meas...

Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L. are two cruciferous species for which some medicinal uses are mentioned in the Iranian, Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Seed oil of  B. napus has cathartic action, and is either used as such or after partial hydrogenation for cooking, shortening or as margarines. Sees of S. alba have also cathartic action and some other medicinal uses but, beca...

Four fistulated Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to study the effects of level and type of energy source on milk yield and composition. Treatments consisted of a basal diet fed alone (low energy treatment) or with 3.3 Mcal of net energy for lactation from extra nutrients perfused either into the rumen (either propionic acid or a mixture of volatile fatty acids) or into...

the effect of three levels of eucalyptus leaf (0, 28.65 or 57.37mg/200mg substrate), which were either oven, freeze or air dried on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics was assessed. the studied parameters were in vitro gas production (ivgp), methane production, ammonia (nh3-n) concentration, in vitro organic matter degradability, partitioning factor (pf) (ratio of substrate truly degr...

Volatile compounds from the headspace gas of ten brands of the Japanese fish sauce ishiru were analyzed by GC-MS with a thermal-desorption cold-trap system. Many volatile peaks were detected and 51 compounds were identified. The major volatile compounds in ishiru included aldehydes (such as 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and benzaldehyde), nitrogen-containing compounds (suc...

in this trial, the effect of different levels of echum amoneum (ea) (0.3, 30, 300 or 3000 µl) on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production was assessed. the parameters studied were in vitro gas production (ivgp), methane production, ammonia (nh3-n) concentration, in vitro organic matter degradability (ivomde), partitioning factor (pf) (the ratio of substrate truly deg...