BACKGROUND Experience with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) differs in different centers and there are plenty of controversies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of primary VUR complications and the rate of recurrence of UTI. METHODS The medical charts of all infants and children with primary VUR who were followed up by two nephrologist were reviewed. During 19 years (1...

Recent studies have resulted in major changes in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. The present statement focuses on the diagnosis and management of infants and children >2 months of age with an acute UTI and no known underlying urinary tract pathology or risk factors for a neurogenic bladder. UTI should be ruled out in preverbal children with unexplained fever and i...

AIMS To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of renal ultrasound findings for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). METHODS Retrospective review of the ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) results of 162 children under 5 years of age admitted with their first episode of urinary tract infection (UTI) over a two year period. Ultrasound findings were considered suggesti...

Background & Aims: Uroflowmetry is a common procedure to examine the lower urinary tract system. Uroflowmetry results are affected by different factors. In this study, the effect of voiding position on uroflowmetric parameters and voiding residue were investigated in healthy subjects. Methods: This descriptive–analysis study was performed on 41 healthy volunteers with mean age of 33.22 ± 9.45 r...

INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infection is the most common genitourinary disease in children so about 40% of the children with urinary tract infection suffering from reflux that caused some consequences such as pyelonephritis and kidney parenchymal injury. OBJECTIVES This research was conducted to compare the timing of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children with urinary tract infection in f...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative contributions of effortful control (reflecting the child's ability to shift and refocus attention) and parental coping- and distress-promoting behaviors to children's coping and distress during the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG, X-ray of the kidneys). METHOD Thirty-two children between ages 2 and 7 years were videotaped undergoing the VCUG. Parent and ch...

OBJECTIVE To study prospectively the influence of videourodynamic studies on the management of children with vesicoureteric reflux. METHODS One hundred one children with reflux were investigated routinely with videourodynamic studies, as well as renal scans, ultrasound studies, and/or intravenous urograms. The studies were repeated at one, three, and five years. If bladder instability was dem...

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is a localized bacterial infection of the kidney presenting as an inflammatory mass without frank abscess formation. We report a case of acute focal bacterial nephritis without pyuria in a five-month-old boy presenting with high urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-Acetyl-β-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG) levels. The infant initially presented with high-grade ...

OBJECTIVES To describe renal ultrasound (RUS) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) findings and determine predictors of abnormal imaging in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS We used retrospective data from a multicenter sample of infants younger than 3 months with bacteremic UTI, defined as the same pathogenic organism in blood and urine. Infants were exclude...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of renal scars in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux taking into consideration the following variables: sex, age at diagnosis, febrile urinary infection, degree of reflux and bacteria specimen. METHOD Retrospective study of 58 children with age ranging from 2 months to 11 years, presenting primary vesicoureteral reflux detected by voiding cystoure...